. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has metabolic acidosis. The nurse should realize that which of the following findings contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis?
Diarrhea
Salicylate intoxication
Hyperventilation
Vomiting
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Diarrhea causes loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) from the intestines, leading to metabolic acidosis. This is a common non-anion gap cause of metabolic acidosis.
B. While salicylate intoxication can initially cause respiratory alkalosis, it may later lead to mixed acid-base disturbances, including metabolic acidosis. However, it is not the most direct or common cause in this context.
C. Hyperventilation causes respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic acidosis, due to excessive loss of CO₂.
D. Vomiting leads to loss of gastric acid (HCl), which typically results in metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Taking magnesium oxide on an empty stomach can cause gastrointestinal irritation; it’s best taken with food or water.
B. Coffee can interfere with absorption of some medications and may worsen GI upset; it's not recommended.
C. Drinking a full glass of water helps ensure proper dissolution and absorption of the medication and minimizes GI side effects.
D. Crushing magnesium oxide tablets is not recommended unless specifically directed, as some formulations are meant to be swallowed whole.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by Kussmaul respirations (deep and rapid breathing), but not typically lightheadedness or paresthesias.
B. Metabolic alkalosis often presents with hypoventilation as the body tries to retain CO₂, not hyperventilation.
C. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation, leading to CO₂ retention, not the excessive breathing seen in this case.
D. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, which leads to excessive loss of CO₂, resulting in symptoms such as lightheadedness, confusion, paresthesias, and blurred vision — all present in this client.
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