The nurse is aware that which of the following results when an increased concentration of hydrogen ions occurs within the body fluids?

carbon dioxide ions are retained

they become acidic

they become alkaline

oxygen ions are released into the blood

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:
A. Retention of carbon dioxide can lead to acidosis, but it is not a direct result of increased hydrogen ions.
B. An increased concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) lowers the pH of body fluids, making them acidic.
C. Fluids become alkaline when hydrogen ion concentration is low, not high.
D. Oxygen ions are not released as a response to hydrogen ion concentration changes.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Dysrhythmias may occur due to increased CO₂ levels and acid-base imbalance affecting cardiac conduction.
B. Barrel chest is a common physical finding in clients with chronic COPD due to air trapping and lung hyperinflation.
C. Difficulty arousing the client may indicate CO₂ narcosis, a sign of worsening respiratory acidosis.
D. Confusion and disorientation, such as repeatedly asking "Where am I?", are neurological signs of elevated CO₂ levels.
E. Deep, rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations) are typical of metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis from COPD.

A. Increased urine output B. Loss of gastric secretions C. Decreased oral intake D. Fever

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Increased urine output: Mr. Allen's urine output is actually low (600 mL/24 hrs), and his urine is dark and concentrated, suggesting dehydration, not excessive urinary losses.

B. Loss of gastric secretions: Continuous suction via the nasogastric (NG) tube removes gastric fluids, which are rich in potassium, chloride, hydrogen ions, and magnesium. This is the main reason for his observed hypokalemia (K = 2.9), hypochloremia (Cl = 94), and low magnesium (Mg = 1.2).

C. Decreased oral intake: While Mr. Allen is NPO, reduced intake alone is not sufficient to cause such significant electrolyte imbalances in a short period. The active loss of electrolytes through NG suction is the primary contributor.

D. Fever is not mentioned in the scenario. Fever can lead to insensible fluid losses, but this is not relevant here and not the primary mechanism of electrolyte depletion.

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The nurse is aware that which of the following results when an increased concentration of hydrogen ions occurs within the body fluids?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The client is experiencing respiratory acidosis as a result of COPD is likely to present with which of the following clinical signs? (Select 4 options that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Use the scenario to guide your answer Exhibits What is the primary reason for electrolyte loss in a patient with an NG tube to suction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN): glucose 72 mg/dL, chloride 100 mEq/L. sodium 138 mEq/L. and potassium 3.0 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A nurse prepares to interpret the ABG values of a client diagnosed with an acid-base imbalance. Which values are most important for the nurse to consider? (Select 4 options that apply.)

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The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates the pH of extracellular fluid (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids?

A client is admitted for a diagnosis of sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection. The client's repeat ABG is: pH 7.37, PC02 30, HCO3 of 18. Which acid-base imbalance is the client exhibiting?

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of an adolescent and notes a calcium level of 11.4 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?