A nurse is taking an admission history from a client who reports Raynaud's disease. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as a potential trigger for exacerbations of Raynaud's?

A history of herpes zoster

Taking amlodipine for hypertension

Using a nicotine transdermal patch

Eating a strict vegetarian diet

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. Nicotine is a vasoconstrictor, meaning it causes narrowing of blood vessels. Therefore, using a nicotine transdermal patch can exacerbate Raynaud's attacks by promoting vasoconstriction and reducing blood flow to the extremities.
A. While herpes zoster (shingles) is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, it is not directly associated with triggering Raynaud's attacks.
B. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker medication commonly used to treat hypertension.

D. While diet can potentially influence overall health and vascular function, there is no direct evidence to suggest that a strict vegetarian diet would trigger exacerbations of Raynaud's disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Naloxone is a medication used as an opioid antagonist to reverse the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression and hypotension. In this scenario, the client's symptoms suggest opioid-induced respiratory depression, making naloxone the appropriate choice to reverse the effects of morphine.
B. Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin, not for treating opioid-induced respiratory depression and hypotension.
C. Acetylcysteine is used as an antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose, not for treating opioid-induced respiratory depression and hypotension.
D. Flumazenil is a medication used as a benzodiazepine antagonist to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose or sedation.

A. Dispose of the top of the ampule in a sharps container. B. Expel air into the ampule to aspirate air bubbles. C. Place a paper towel around the ampule's neck to break off the top with both hands. D. Withdraw the medication from the ampule using a needleless system.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. After breaking the top of the ampule to access the medication, the nurse should dispose of the top portion safely in a sharps container to prevent accidental needlestick injuries and ensure proper disposal of sharps waste.

B. Expelling air into the ampule can increase the pressure inside, potentially causing medication to spill out or splatter when the ampule is opened.
C. To open an ampule safely, the nurse should use an ampule opener around the neck of the ampule to protect their hands from potential injury. By breaking off the top with both hands, the nurse can minimize the risk of accidental cuts or lacerations.
D. Withdrawing medication from an ampule requires the use of a needle and syringe. However, some medications may be supplied in ampules with pre-attached needleless systems for withdrawal.

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A nurse is taking an admission history from a client who reports Raynaud's disease. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as a potential trigger for exacerbations of Raynaud's?

Nursing Test Bank

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