A nurse is teaching a class on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which statement, if made by the nurse, is not accurate?
It is an autoimmune disease
Most people survive the disease, but it can be fatal
Family history of SLE is not a risk factor for the disease
SLE is a chronic, progressive connective tissue disorder
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system produces autoantibodies, such as anti-nuclear antibodies, that attack healthy tissues like joints, skin, kidneys, and other organs. This leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. B-cell hyperactivity and T-cell dysfunction drive this process, causing systemic effects. This statement is accurate, as autoimmunity defines SLE’s pathology, distinguishing it from non-autoimmune disorders.
Choice B reason: Most individuals with SLE survive due to improved treatments like immunosuppressive drugs, with over 90% surviving beyond 10 years. However, it can be fatal due to complications such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, or infections during severe flares. This statement is accurate, reflecting the disease’s manageable yet potentially lethal nature, especially with organ involvement.
Choice C reason: Family history is a known risk factor for SLE. Genetic predisposition, particularly HLA gene variants, increases susceptibility. First-degree relatives of SLE patients have a 5-10% higher risk of developing the disease compared to the general population. This statement is inaccurate, as genetics significantly influences SLE onset, making it a key risk factor.
Choice D reason: SLE is a chronic, progressive connective tissue disorder characterized by periods of flares and remission. It affects connective tissues like joints and skin, with progressive organ damage possible in severe cases. This statement is accurate, as SLE’s chronic nature and connective tissue involvement are central to its pathophysiology, often requiring long-term management.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Physiologic doses of glucocorticoids, like hydrocortisone, mimic normal cortisol production (20-30 mg/day) in adrenal insufficiency, restoring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feedback. This maintains metabolism, stress response, and immune function without excess. This statement is accurate, as these doses replace deficient cortisol to stabilize endocrine function.
Choice B reason: Physiologic doses have minimal impact on fluid and electrolyte balance compared to pharmacologic doses, which cause sodium retention via mineralocorticoid effects. In adrenal insufficiency, physiologic doses normalize cortisol without significant fluid shifts. This statement is inaccurate, as electrolyte effects are secondary and less pronounced.
Choice C reason: Physiologic doses replace cortisol in adrenal insufficiency, not treat inflammation. Pharmacologic (higher) doses suppress inflammation in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting cytokine production. This statement is inaccurate, as physiologic doses are insufficient for anti-inflammatory effects required in such conditions.
Choice D reason: Glucocorticoids increase, not lower, blood glucose by promoting gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance. Physiologic doses maintain normal glucose metabolism in adrenal insufficiency but do not replace insulin’s role. This statement is inaccurate, as glucocorticoids oppose insulin’s glucose-lowering effects, even at physiologic levels.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Avoiding pain medication may increase discomfort, reducing mobility and increasing complications like atelectasis. Opioids can cause constipation, but this is managed with stool softeners, not avoidance. This statement is inaccurate, as pain control is essential for recovery and does not directly support wound healing.
Choice B reason: Excessive rest increases risks like venous thromboembolism or pneumonia, especially in obese patients. Early ambulation promotes circulation and wound healing without straining incisions if done cautiously. This statement is inaccurate, as limiting movement excessively hinders recovery and increases postoperative complications.
Choice C reason: Returning to normal activity too soon risks incision dehiscence or infection, particularly in obese patients with higher wound complication rates. Gradual activity increase under medical guidance is needed. This statement is inaccurate, as premature activity resumption can compromise healing and safety post-surgery.
Choice D reason: Adequate nutrition, especially high-protein intake, supports collagen synthesis and tissue repair, critical for wound healing. Obesity increases metabolic demand, and protein prevents malnutrition, enhancing immune response and incision strength. This statement is accurate, as nutrition is a priority to optimize postoperative recovery and prevent complications.
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