The illustration shows various types of fracture. Select the one that depicts a greenstick fracture.

Choice A reason: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system produces autoantibodies, such as anti-nuclear antibodies, that attack healthy tissues like joints, skin, kidneys, and other organs. This leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. B-cell hyperactivity and T-cell dysfunction drive this process, causing systemic effects. This statement is accurate, as autoimmunity defines SLE’s pathology, distinguishing it from non-autoimmune disorders.

Choice B reason: Most individuals with SLE survive due to improved treatments like immunosuppressive drugs, with over 90% surviving beyond 10 years. However, it can be fatal due to complications such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, or infections during severe flares. This statement is accurate, reflecting the disease’s manageable yet potentially lethal nature, especially with organ involvement.

Choice C reason: Family history is a known risk factor for SLE. Genetic predisposition, particularly HLA gene variants, increases susceptibility. First-degree relatives of SLE patients have a 5-10% higher risk of developing the disease compared to the general population. This statement is inaccurate, as genetics significantly influences SLE onset, making it a key risk factor.

Choice D reason: SLE is a chronic, progressive connective tissue disorder characterized by periods of flares and remission. It affects connective tissues like joints and skin, with progressive organ damage possible in severe cases. This statement is accurate, as SLE’s chronic nature and connective tissue involvement are central to its pathophysiology, often requiring long-term management.

Choice A reason: Bulk-forming fiber supplements, like psyllium, increase stool bulk without significantly decreasing nutrient absorption. While high doses may slightly affect mineral uptake, routine vitamin supplementation is not required. This statement is inaccurate, as nutrient malabsorption is not a primary concern with fiber supplements.

Choice B reason: Fiber supplements require adequate hydration (at least 8 glasses of water daily) to swell and soften stool, promoting bowel movements. Insufficient water can cause fiber to harden, worsening constipation. This statement is accurate, as hydration is critical for the efficacy and safety of fiber supplements.

Choice C reason: Long-term fiber use does not cause dependency; it mimics natural dietary fiber, promoting regular bowel movements. The colon adapts to increased bulk without losing intrinsic motility. This statement is inaccurate, as fiber supports, not undermines, normal bowel function in chronic use.

Choice D reason: Delaying the urge to defecate can worsen constipation by causing stool to harden and reducing rectal sensitivity. Prompt response to bowel urges promotes regularity. This statement is inaccurate, as it contradicts the goal of improving bowel regimen with fiber supplementation.