A nurse is teaching a client about the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI). What is the primary cause of MI?

Vasospasm of the coronary arteries.

Formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Inflammation of the heart muscle.

Increased heart rate and contractility.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) This choice is incorrect because vasospasm of the coronary arteries, known as variant (Prinzmetal) angina, is a type of angina pectoris but not the primary cause of MI. Vasospasms may contribute to the development of unstable angina but are not the primary mechanism leading to MI.

B) This choice is correct. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries is the primary cause of MI. Atherosclerosis is a gradual process of plaque buildup, narrowing the coronary arteries, and reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. If a plaque ruptures, it can lead to the formation of a blood clot that completely obstructs the artery, causing MI.

C) This choice is incorrect because inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis, is a separate condition and not the primary cause of MI.

D) This choice is incorrect because increased heart rate and contractility can be associated with certain conditions but are not the primary cause of MI. MI is primarily caused by atherosclerotic plaque formation and subsequent thrombus formation in the coronary arteries.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because inserting a stent is a part of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and not coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). CABG involves using blood vessels (grafts) to bypass blocked coronary arteries and restore blood flow to the heart.

B) This choice is incorrect because removing plaque from coronary arteries is not the primary purpose of CABG. CABG involves bypassing blocked arteries rather than removing the plaque.

C) This choice is incorrect because repairing damaged heart valves and improving cardiac function is a different surgical procedure, such as valve repair or replacement surgery. CABG does not address heart valve issues.

D) This choice is correct. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure that involves taking a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body and grafting it to the blocked coronary artery. The graft bypasses the blockage, restoring blood flow to the heart and improving myocardial oxygen supply. CABG is used to treat significant coronary artery disease and improve cardiac function in clients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction.

A. "Engage in regular physical activity and maintain a healthy weight." B. "Limit saturated fat intake and avoid high-cholesterol foods." C. "Quit smoking and reduce alcohol consumption." D. "Control stress through relaxation techniques and counseling."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) This choice is correct. Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight are effective strategies for reducing the risk of MI. Physical activity helps improve cardiovascular health, manage weight, and reduce other risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.

B) This choice is incorrect because while limiting saturated fat intake is important for heart health, it is not the most effective approach to lower the risk of MI when compared to engaging in physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight.

C) This choice is incorrect because quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption are essential for reducing the risk of MI, but they may not be as effective as regular physical activity and weight management.

D) This choice is incorrect because controlling stress through relaxation techniques and counseling is beneficial for overall well-being, but it may not be the most effective approach to reduce the risk of MI when compared to regular physical activity and weight management. Stress management is still an important aspect of cardiovascular health, but it should be combined with other lifestyle changes for optimal risk reduction.

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A nurse is teaching a client about the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI). What is the primary cause of MI?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with unstable angina is scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The client asks the nurse about the purpose of this surgery. How should the nurse respond?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with multiple risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) asks the nurse how to lower the risk. What should the nurse recommend as the most effective approach?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is educating a group of clients about the risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI). Which risk factor is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for MI?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected myocardial infarction (MI). Which clinical manifestation should the nurse prioritize as an early sign of MI?

A client with angina pectoris is prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for chest pain episodes. The nurse educates the client about its administration. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the instructions?

A nurse is caring for a client experiencing chest pain and suspecting myocardial infarction (MI). What is the priority nursing intervention during the initial assessment?

A client with angina pectoris is prescribed ranolazine (Ranexa) as an anti-anginal medication. What is the primary action of ranolazine in managing angina?

A client who had an MI is advised to quit smoking to reduce the risk of future cardiac events. The client expresses difficulty in quitting and asks the nurse for suggestions. What should the nurse recommend?

A client is undergoing a stress test to evaluate possible myocardial ischemia. What is the primary purpose of this test?

A nurse is providing education to a client who recently had an MI about dietary changes to improve heart health. The nurse advises the client to limit intake of saturated fats. Which food choices should the client avoid to comply with this recommendation?