A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)

Recovery phase.

Diuretic phase.

Initiation phase.

Oliguric phase.

End phase.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Recovery phase: The recovery phase occurs after the oliguric phase and is characterized by the gradual improvement of renal function. During this phase, diuresis may occur as the kidneys begin to excrete waste and excess fluid more effectively.

B. Diuretic phase: The diuretic phase follows the oliguric phase and is characterized by increased urine output as the kidneys start to recover and regain their ability to concentrate urine. This phase can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration if not managed properly.

C. Initiation phase: The initiation phase marks the onset of acute renal failure and is characterized by the initial insult or injury to the kidneys. This phase may be triggered by various factors such as hypotension, nephrotoxic medications, or sepsis.

D. Oliguric phase: The oliguric phase is the initial phase of acute renal failure and is characterized by decreased urine output (<400 mL/day). During this phase, waste products and electrolytes may accumulate in the body, leading to metabolic acidosis and fluid overload.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Tachypnea: Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, is a common symptom of pulmonary embolism. It occurs as the body attempts to compensate for decreased oxygenation and increased carbon dioxide levels resulting from impaired blood flow to the lungs. Tachypnea helps to improve gas exchange by increasing ventilation.

B. Wet cough: A wet or productive cough may occur in conditions such as pneumonia or chronic bronchitis but is not typically associated with pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is more commonly characterized by symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, and tachypnea.

C. Dull chest pain: Chest pain associated with pulmonary embolism is often sharp and pleuritic, meaning it worsens with deep breathing or coughing. It may be described as stabbing or like a "knife-like" sensation. Dull chest pain is not a typical finding in pulmonary embolism.

D. Episodes of apnea: While severe cases of pulmonary embolism can lead to respiratory failure and apnea, it is not a common presenting symptom. Most clients with pulmonary embolism will exhibit tachypnea as a compensatory mechanism to maintain adequate oxygenation.

A. Respond to ventilator alarms. B. Report the absence of spontaneous respirations. C. Encourage the client to take spontaneous breaths. D. Place the call bell within reach.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Respond to ventilator alarms: Responding to ventilator alarms is important but may not be the priority if the client is not spontaneously breathing.

B. Report the absence of spontaneous respirations: This is the priority action because the absence of spontaneous respirations may indicate inadequate ventilation or respiratory arrest, requiring immediate intervention.

C. Encourage the client to take spontaneous breaths: While encouraging spontaneous breaths is beneficial, it is not appropriate if the client is paralyzed due to neuromuscular blockade.

D. Place the call bell within reach: Ensuring the call bell is within reach is important for communication but may not be the priority if the client is not breathing spontaneously.

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A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Which new-onset assessment finding should a nurse expect in a client diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client on a mechanical ventilator receiving a neuromuscular blockade agent. The nurse should prioritize which action?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with acute renal failure about how the disease progresses. The nurse should recognize that the teaching is effective when the client can accurately identify which phases of renal disease progression? (Select all that apply.)

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