A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.
Contracture
Cerebral trauma
Fever
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Huntington's disease
Correct Answer : B,C,D
A. Contracture: Contracture refers to the permanent tightening of muscles or joints and is not directly related to neurocognitive disorders. It is a physical condition rather than a cause of cognitive impairment.
B. Cerebral trauma: Cerebral trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to direct damage to brain tissues and subsequent cognitive impairments.
C. Fever: Severe or prolonged fever can be associated with secondary neurocognitive disorders, especially if it leads to complications like encephalitis or severe metabolic disturbances.
D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): HIV can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to the direct effects of the virus on the brain and the resultant immune deficiency, which can allow opportunistic infections that affect cognitive function.
E. Huntington's disease: Huntington's disease is a primary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It directly causes neurocognitive decline due to genetic mutations and is considered a primary neurocognitive disorder rather than a secondary one. Secondary neurocognitive disorders are typically the result of another primary condition or external factor such as trauma or infection, rather than a primary neurodegenerative disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Potential Condition
Bulimia nervosa: The client has a BMI of 18.5, which is on the lower end of normal, indicating possible weight issues, but not the severe underweight typical of anorexia nervosa. The client describes cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as purging (using laxatives), which are characteristic of bulimia nervosa. The client expresses a preoccupation with food and body weight, and feelings of embarrassment about their eating habits, which align with bulimia nervosa.
Actions to Take
1. Assess binging and purging patterns: It's crucial to understand the frequency, triggers, and methods of binging and purging to tailor interventions effectively and to monitor the severity and progression of bulimia.
2. Encourage client to identify triggers for overeating: Identifying triggers for binging can help the client develop healthier coping mechanisms and reduce the occurrence of binge eating episodes.
Parameters to Monitor
1. Electrolyte levels: Frequent use of laxatives and purging behaviors can lead to electrolyte imbalances, which are potentially life-threatening and must be monitored regularly.
2. Frequency of compensatory behaviors: Tracking the frequency of purging behaviors (such as laxative use) helps assess the effectiveness of interventions and the client’s progress in reducing harmful behaviors.
Incorrect answers:
Actions to Take:
- Assess for and discourage provocative or seductive behaviour: This is more relevant to histrionic personality disorder, not bulimia nervosa.
- Weigh daily for the first week: While weighing the client can be part of the monitoring process, daily weigh-ins can increase anxiety and may not directly address the core issues of bulimia.
- Assess for consumption of right food items: While dietary intake is important, focusing solely on food items without addressing the psychological aspects may not be effective for treating bulimia.
Parameters to Monitor:
- Attention-seeking behaviours: More relevant to histrionic personality disorder than bulimia nervosa.
- Signs of infection: Not directly relevant unless there is evidence of a related health issue or a compromised immune system, which is not indicated in the provided information.
- Presence of lanugo: Lanugo is more commonly associated with anorexia nervosa due to severe malnutrition, not bulimia.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Analgesics: Analgesics are medications for pain relief and are not typically used as a treatment for ADHD.
B. Promoting less sleep: Adequate sleep is important for children with ADHD; promoting less sleep is not a therapeutic intervention.
C. Behavior Therapy: Behavior therapy, such as behavioral interventions and management strategies, is a cornerstone of treatment for ADHD.
D. Group Therapy: Group therapy can help children with ADHD learn social skills and manage their behavior in a group setting.
E. Family Therapy: Involving the family in therapy helps support the child's treatment, improve communication, and address family dynamics that may contribute to ADHD symptoms.
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