A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.

Contracture

Cerebral trauma

Fever

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Huntington's disease

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

A. Contracture: Contracture refers to the permanent tightening of muscles or joints and is not directly related to neurocognitive disorders. It is a physical condition rather than a cause of cognitive impairment.

B. Cerebral trauma: Cerebral trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to direct damage to brain tissues and subsequent cognitive impairments.

C. Fever: Severe or prolonged fever can be associated with secondary neurocognitive disorders, especially if it leads to complications like encephalitis or severe metabolic disturbances.

D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): HIV can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to the direct effects of the virus on the brain and the resultant immune deficiency, which can allow opportunistic infections that affect cognitive function.

E. Huntington's disease: Huntington's disease is a primary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It directly causes neurocognitive decline due to genetic mutations and is considered a primary neurocognitive disorder rather than a secondary one. Secondary neurocognitive disorders are typically the result of another primary condition or external factor such as trauma or infection, rather than a primary neurodegenerative disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Promoting social skills and communication development: This is a priority because individuals with Asperger's disorder often struggle with social interactions and communication. Interventions focus on improving these skills to enhance their quality of life and ability to function in society.

B. Administering medications to manage symptoms: While medications may be prescribed for co-occurring conditions (e.g., anxiety, ADHD), they are not typically the primary intervention for core symptoms of Asperger's disorder.

C. Implementing strict routines and schedules: Routine and structure can be beneficial for individuals with Asperger's disorder but are not the primary focus compared to social and communication skills.

D. Providing sensory stimulation to reduce hyperactivity: Sensory issues can be part of Asperger's disorder, but it is not the priority over social and communication development.

A. Clozapine (Clozaril) B. Galantamine (Razadyne) C. C Olanzapine (Zyprexa) D. Sertraline (Zoloft)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Clozapine (Clozaril): Clozapine is an antipsychotic used primarily for schizophrenia, not for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease. It is not indicated for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

B. Galantamine (Razadyne): Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to improve cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. It works by increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which helps with memory and cognitive processes.

C. Olanzapine (Zyprexa): Olanzapine is an antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is not used for cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease and may actually worsen cognitive function in some cases.

D. Sertraline (Zoloft): Sertraline is an antidepressant used primarily for depression and anxiety disorders. It is not indicated for the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

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A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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