A new nurse is teaching a nursing student in the mental health unit. The nurse explains that an example of a treatable (reversible) form of Neurocognitive disorder is caused by which of the following? (Select all that apply)
Medication side effects
Hypothyroidism
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Multiple small brain infarcts
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Medication side effects: Certain medications can cause cognitive impairment that mimics dementia, but this condition is often reversible if the medication is adjusted or discontinued.
B. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism can lead to cognitive impairment that may be reversible with appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause cognitive deficits that are often reversible with supplementation.
D. Multiple small brain infarcts: This condition, often associated with vascular dementia, usually leads to permanent brain damage and is typically not reversible.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Family conflict: Family conflict can contribute to suicidal ideation, but the presence of an active psychiatric disorder is a more direct risk factor.
B. Homosexuality: Sexual orientation itself is not a risk factor for suicide, but discrimination and lack of acceptance related to sexual orientation can contribute to risk.
C. Availability of firearms: Access to firearms increases the lethality of suicide attempts but is not as significant as the presence of an active psychiatric disorder.
D. Active psychiatric disorder: This is the correct answer. Conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders significantly increase the risk of suicide in adolescents.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I just don't remember what I did this morning." This statement reflects an inability to recall the events of the morning, which is a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease but does not constitute confabulation. It simply indicates memory loss.
B. "This morning, this morning, this morning..." Repetition of words or phrases can indicate a language or communication issue often seen in Alzheimer's disease but is not an example of confabulation. It may reflect confusion or perseverance.
C. "It was good. The Queen of England visited me there." Confabulation involves the creation of false memories or statements to fill in gaps in memory. The client's statement about the Queen of England visiting is a fabricated or distorted memory and is an example of confabulation. This choice is correct.
D. "Snip, snap. Take a nap." This phrase is nonsensical and may indicate disorganized thinking or speech, which can occur in Alzheimer's disease, but it is not an example of confabulation. It does not fill a memory gap with a fabricated story. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
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