A new nurse is teaching a nursing student in the mental health unit. The nurse explains that an example of a treatable (reversible) form of Neurocognitive disorder is caused by which of the following? (Select all that apply)
Medication side effects
Hypothyroidism
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Multiple small brain infarcts
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Medication side effects: Certain medications can cause cognitive impairment that mimics dementia, but this condition is often reversible if the medication is adjusted or discontinued.
B. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism can lead to cognitive impairment that may be reversible with appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause cognitive deficits that are often reversible with supplementation.
D. Multiple small brain infarcts: This condition, often associated with vascular dementia, usually leads to permanent brain damage and is typically not reversible.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Rotate staff to prevent caregiver role strain: Consistency in caregivers is crucial for dementia patients to minimize confusion and anxiety. Frequent changes in caregivers can be unsettling for them.
B. Limit the client's choices for daily activities: Simplifying choices helps to reduce decision-making pressure and confusion, which can be beneficial for dementia patients.
C. Provide a cognitively stimulating environment: While cognitive stimulation is beneficial, it must be balanced with the need for a calm, non-overstimulating environment to avoid overwhelming the patient.
D. Use confrontation to manage negative behavior: Confrontation is generally not effective and can increase agitation and confusion in dementia patients. Non-confrontational approaches are preferred.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Reprimand the client about the potential damage that has occurred due to overexercising her body. Reprimanding the client is not therapeutic and can increase feelings of guilt or shame, potentially exacerbating the condition. A more supportive and understanding approach is needed to address the behavior. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
B. Praise the client for looking at herself in a mirror. Praising the client for looking at herself in the mirror is not specifically relevant to managing the overexerting behavior and does not address the core issues of anorexia nervosa. It may also reinforce body image concerns. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
C. Restrict the client from being weighed. Weighing restrictions are common in the treatment of anorexia nervosa to reduce anxiety around weight gain. However, this action alone does not directly address the overexercising behavior. Instead, comprehensive behavioral and therapeutic strategies should be employed. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
D. Ask the client to agree to talk to a nurse whenever she feels the urge to exercise. Encouraging the client to discuss her urges to exercise with a nurse provides an opportunity for therapeutic intervention and support. It helps in addressing the behavior in a constructive manner and provides a means for the client to seek help when struggling with their impulses. This choice is correct.
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