A nurse is teaching about risk factors that increase the probability of coronary artery disease to a community group. Which risk factors will the nurse Include in the discussion? (Select All that Apply.)
History of smoking
Body mass index (BMI) of 20
History of diabetes
Family history of coronary heart disease
Female gender
Age greater than 45 years for men
Correct Answer : A,C,D,F
A. History of smoking:
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that damage blood vessels, promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and increase the risk of blood clots, all of which can lead to CAD, heart attacks, and strokes.
B. Body mass index (BMI) of 20:
While obesity and elevated BMI are risk factors for CAD, a BMI of 20 falls within the healthy weight range for most adults. However, it's important to note that BMI alone may not fully capture an individual's overall cardiovascular risk, as factors like body composition, waist circumference, diet, and physical activity level also contribute to heart health.
C. History of diabetes:
Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, is a significant risk factor for CAD. Elevated blood sugar levels over time can damage blood vessels (atherosclerosis), increase inflammation, and contribute to other metabolic abnormalities that raise the risk of heart disease, including heart attacks and peripheral vascular disease.
D. Family history of coronary heart disease:
Having a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or premature heart attacks (before age 55 in men or before age 65 in women) increases the risk of developing CAD. Genetic factors play a role in the development of heart disease, and individuals with close relatives affected by CHD have a higher likelihood of developing similar conditions.
E. Female gender:
While gender can influence cardiovascular risk factors and presentation, being female alone is not considered a specific risk factor for CAD. However, women may have different risk profiles or risk factors compared to men, such as hormonal influences (e.g., menopause) and unique symptom presentation for heart disease.
F. Age greater than 45 years for men:
Advancing age is a significant risk factor for CAD, especially for men. Men aged 45 years and older are at increased risk compared to younger age groups due to factors such as the cumulative effects of risk factors over time, hormonal changes, and age-related changes in blood vessels and heart function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "If I take my blood pressure and it is normal, I don't have to take my blood pressure pills": This statement reflects a misunderstanding of hypertension management. Blood pressure medications are typically prescribed to help control blood pressure over the long term, regardless of individual blood pressure readings. Stopping medication without consulting a healthcare provider can be dangerous and is not recommended.
B. "When getting up from bed, I will sit for a short period before standing up": This statement demonstrates an understanding of orthostatic hypotension prevention, which is important for clients with hypertension and can be a side effect of certain medications.
C. "I will consult a dietician to help get my weight under control": This statement indicates the client's awareness of the importance of weight management in hypertension control and is a positive step toward healthy lifestyle changes.
D. "I think I'm going to sign up for a yoga class twice a week to help reduce my stress": This statement shows the client's proactive approach to stress reduction, which is beneficial for hypertension management as stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure.
Correct Answer is ["0.8"]
Explanation
To calculate the volume of heparin to administer subcutaneously, you can use the following formula:
Volume (mL) = Desired dose (units) / Concentration (units/mL)
In this case:
Desired dose = 3,800 units
Concentration = 5,000 units/mL
Volume (mL) = 3,800 units / 5,000 units/mL ≈ 0.76 mL
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the nurse should administer approximately 0.8 mL of heparin subcutaneously daily.
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