A nurse is teaching the staff about the sleep cycle. Which period lasts 10 to 30 minutes?

Choice A reason: Respirations of 22 and heart rate of 66 suggest arousal or light sleep, not deep NREM sleep, which features slower, regular breathing (12-16 breaths/min) and lower heart rate. This indicates discomfort or instability, not comfortable sleep. Assuming this reflects NREM sleep risks overlooking signs of inadequate rest or stress in ICU patients.

Choice B reason: Mumbling to self indicates partial arousal or REM sleep, not NREM sleep, which is characterized by minimal movement and stable vitals. This suggests discomfort or neurological disturbance. Assuming NREM sleep misidentifies the sleep stage, potentially missing interventions to promote deeper, restorative sleep critical for ICU patient recovery.

Choice C reason: Tossing in bed with respirations of 18 and heart rate of 80 indicates restlessness or light sleep, not deep NREM sleep, which involves calm, slow vitals. This suggests discomfort or pain. Assuming NREM sleep risks neglecting interventions like pain management, critical for ensuring restorative sleep in ICU settings.

Choice D reason: Eyes closed, lying quietly, with respirations of 12 and heart rate of 60 indicate deep NREM sleep, characterized by slow, regular breathing and low heart rate, reflecting parasympathetic dominance. This confirms comfortable, restorative sleep, critical for healing in ICU patients, guiding nurses to maintain conditions supporting this optimal sleep state.

Choice A reason: The nurse promotes hope by helping the depressed patient identify activities to look forward to, fostering optimism and purpose. Hope, a spiritual concept, counteracts despair, enhancing mental health per psychological resilience models. This intervention supports emotional recovery, critical for patients with severe depression facing existential challenges.

Choice B reason: Time management is a practical skill, not a spiritual concept, and unrelated to identifying positive activities in depression. The nurse’s focus is hope, not organization. Assuming time management misaligns with the intervention, risking neglect of the patient’s spiritual need for meaning, critical for addressing depressive hopelessness and recovery.

Choice C reason: Reminiscence involves recalling past experiences, not future-oriented activities, as the nurse encourages. Hope targets forward-looking optimism, not reflection. Assuming reminiscence misguides the intervention, potentially missing the patient’s need for hope to combat depression, delaying emotional recovery and engagement in meaningful activities for mental health.

Choice D reason: Faith involves religious or spiritual beliefs, not specifically identifying future activities, as the nurse does to foster hope. While faith may support hope, the intervention targets optimism broadly. Assuming faith risks narrowing the focus, potentially overlooking non-religious patients’ need for hope, critical for depression management and emotional resilience.