A nurse teaches the patient about the gate control theory. Which statement made by a patient reflects a correct understanding about the relationship between the gate control theory of pain and the use of meditation to relieve pain?

“Meditation alters the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators, which closes the gate.”

“Meditation stops the occurrence of pain stimuli.”

“Meditation will help me sleep through the pain because it opens the gate.”

“Meditation controls pain by blocking pain impulses from coming through the gate.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Meditation does not alter the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators. The gate control theory posits that non-painful stimuli, like meditation, modulate pain signals in the spinal cord. This statement inaccurately describes the mechanism, as meditation affects neural gating, not chemical changes, making it incorrect.

Choice B reason: Meditation does not stop pain stimuli from occurring; it modulates pain perception. The gate control theory explains how cognitive techniques like meditation reduce pain signal transmission, not eliminate the stimulus. This statement misrepresents the theory’s mechanism, making it an incorrect reflection of understanding.

Choice C reason: Meditation does not open the pain gate or promote sleeping through pain. The gate control theory suggests meditation closes the gate, reducing pain signals. Opening the gate would increase pain perception, contradicting the theory’s principles, making this an incorrect understanding of meditation’s role.

Choice D reason: Meditation controls pain by blocking pain impulses, as per the gate control theory. It activates non-painful stimuli, closing the spinal “gate” to reduce pain signal transmission to the brain. This statement accurately reflects how meditation modulates pain perception, demonstrating correct understanding of the theory.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Cultural knowledge involves understanding diverse cultural beliefs, values, and practices, a core component of Campinha-Bacote’s model. This knowledge enables the nurse to provide informed, sensitive care, reducing misunderstandings and improving outcomes, making it a critical focus for achieving cultural competency.

Choice B reason: Cultural encounters involve direct interactions with diverse patients, fostering experiential learning and reducing stereotypes. In Campinha-Bacote’s model, these encounters build confidence in cross-cultural care, making it an essential area for the nurse to develop competency through real-world application.

Choice C reason: Cultural skills include the ability to assess and communicate effectively with diverse patients, a key element of Campinha-Bacote’s model. Skills like culturally sensitive interviewing ensure tailored care, making this a vital focus for the nurse to achieve competency in delivering equitable healthcare.

Choice D reason: Cultural desire reflects the nurse’s genuine motivation to engage in culturally competent care, a foundational aspect of Campinha-Bacote’s model. This intrinsic drive fuels learning and practice, making it a critical area for the nurse to cultivate to achieve and sustain cultural competency.

Choice E reason: Cultural transition is not part of Campinha-Bacote’s model, which includes knowledge, encounters, skills, desire, and awareness. This term is unrelated to the framework’s components, making it an incorrect focus for the nurse aiming to achieve cultural competency.

A. Difficulty hearing low pitch B. Increased taste discrimination C. Impaired night vision D. Heightened sense of smell

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Difficulty hearing low pitch is not a typical age-related change. Presbycusis, common in older adults, primarily affects high-frequency hearing, making it hard to discern high-pitched sounds like consonants. Low-pitch hearing is generally preserved. This choice does not reflect a normal sensory change, as it misaligns with the expected auditory decline in aging.

Choice B reason: Increased taste discrimination is incorrect, as aging typically reduces taste sensitivity due to fewer taste buds and altered salivary function. Older adults often report diminished flavor perception, impacting appetite. This choice is not a normal sensory change, as it contradicts the expected decline in gustatory function associated with aging.

Choice C reason: Impaired night vision is a normal age-related change due to presbyopia and reduced pupil dilation, decreasing retinal light sensitivity. Older adults struggle with low-light conditions, increasing fall risk. This change, linked to lens yellowing and slower dark adaptation, is expected and aligns with typical visual decline in aging populations.

Choice D reason: Heightened sense of smell is not typical in older adults. Aging reduces olfactory sensitivity due to fewer olfactory neurons and mucosal changes, impairing smell detection. This can affect safety, like detecting gas leaks. This choice is incorrect, as it opposes the normal decline in olfactory function seen in aging.

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A nurse teaches the patient about the gate control theory. Which statement made by a patient reflects a correct understanding about the relationship between the gate control theory of pain and the use of meditation to relieve pain?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is using Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competency. Which areas will the nurse focus on to become competent? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for an older adult. Which sensory change will the nurse identify as normal during the assessment?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient in the last stages of dying. Which finding indicates the nurse needs to prepare the family for death?

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