A nurse knows that the liver is a common site for metastasis from other primary cancers due to:

anatomic placement

portal hypertension

It’s blood supply

presence of tumor markers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While the liver is centrally located and plays a significant role in filtering blood, its location alone does not directly explain why it's a common site for metastasis.
B. Portal hypertension refers to increased pressure within the portal vein system, usually due to liver disease, not metastasis.
C. The liver has a dual blood supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery, which makes it a key organ for filtering blood coming from the digestive tract. This provides a route for cancer cells from the gastrointestinal tract and other organs to travel to the liver, making it a common site for metastasis.
D. Tumor markers are substances that may be found in higher amounts in the blood or tissues of people with cancer. However, they do not directly explain why the liver is a common site for metastasis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Pancreatic cancers are indeed classified into two main categories: endocrine (which involves the hormone-producing cells, such as insulin-producing cells, and is much less common) and exocrine (which involves the cells that produce digestive enzymes, and is the more common form, typically referred to as pancreatic adenocarcinoma). However, this option doesn't provide the most relevant information for client education, particularly because the exocrine type is much more common, and the statement is somewhat vague in terms of how it relates to the client's immediate understanding of the condition.

B. Unlike some other cancers (e.g., colorectal cancer), pancreatic cancer does not typically develop from polyps. Most cases of pancreatic cancer develop from the pancreatic ductal cells (the cells lining the ducts of the pancreas), and the disease is typically aggressive and diagnosed at a later stage.

C. The pancreas is located in a central area of the abdomen, near many vital organs such as the liver, stomach, intestines, and large blood vessels. Because of this location, pancreatic cancer has a high tendency to spread to nearby structures such as the liver, stomach, and major blood vessels early in its course. This characteristic often makes pancreatic cancer more difficult to treat and contributes to its poor prognosis.

D. Pancreatic cancer is not distinguished based on layers. Instead, it is generally categorized based on the type of cells it affects (e.g., ductal cells in exocrine pancreatic cancer). The staging of pancreatic cancer is based on factors like tumor size, lymph node involvement, and metastasis, rather than the layers of the pancreas.

Correct Answer is ["2000"]

Explanation

Answer: 2000

Rationale:

Step 1: Determine the volume remaining
400 mL of IV fluid is left.

Step 2: Determine the infusion rate
80 mL/hour

Step 3: Calculate the time it will take to infuse the remaining fluid:
Time = Volume ÷ Rate
Time = 400 mL ÷ 80 mL/hour = 5 hours

Step 4: Add the infusion time to the current time
Arrival time = 1500
1500 + 5 hours = 2000

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A nurse knows that the liver is a common site for metastasis from other primary cancers due to:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a client about a recent diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the client education?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client is receiving 1000 mL 0.9% NaCl at 80 mL/hr. On arrival to the unit at 1500, the client has 400 mL of IV fluid remaining. At what time should the nurse expect to hang a new bag? (please use military time)

Correct Answer is ["2000"]

Explanation

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