A nurse reviewing the medical record of a patient who has metabolic acidosis should realize that which of the following findings contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis?

Diarrhea

Salicylate intoxication

Vomiting

Hyperventilation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Diarrhea can lead to metabolic acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate, which is a base, leading to a relative increase in acidity.

Choice B reason: Salicylate intoxication can initially cause respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, but may later lead to metabolic acidosis as the body compensates.

Choice C reason: Vomiting typically leads to a loss of gastric acid, which would cause metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis.

Choice D reason: Hyperventilation is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis due to the excessive loss of CO2, which is an acid, not metabolic acidosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: The patient's son may be present for support, but he does not have the authority to sign the consent form unless he is a designated health care proxy and the patient is not competent.

Choice B reason: Since the patient is alert and competent, she has the right and responsibility to provide consent for her own medical procedures.

Choice C reason: A health care proxy is authorized to make decisions on behalf of the patient only if the patient is unable to do so.

Choice D reason: The consent form should be signed by the patient alone if she is competent, regardless of who accompanies her to the facility.

A. "Perform deep breathing every 2 hours around the clock." B. "Make sure chest and shoulders move when breathing." C. "Take a deep breath before each atempt to cough." D. "Sit up straight before beginning coughing exercises." E. Use a pillow to support the area when coughing

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Performing deep breathing exercises every 2 hours helps prevent postoperative complications such as pneumonia and atelectasis.

Choice B reason: While chest movement is part of breathing, the instruction is incomplete and should emphasize diaphragmatic breathing rather than shoulder movement.

Choice C reason: Taking a deep breath before coughing helps to increase the eﬀectiveness of the cough, which can clear secretions from the lungs.

Choice D reason: Sitting up straight before beginning coughing exercises helps to ensure maximum lung expansion and eﬀectiveness of the cough.

Choice E reason: Using a pillow to support the surgical area when coughing can help reduce pain and protect the incision site, making the cough more eﬀective.

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A nurse reviewing the medical record of a patient who has metabolic acidosis should realize that which of the following findings contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult who is alert and competent and comes to the facility with her adult son for elective cataract extraction. After the provider explains the procedure, who should the nurse have sign the consent form?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing preoperative teaching about breathing exercises to a patient. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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