A nurse who is mentoring a graduate nurse explains the correlation between severe blood loss and the effect on the client's mean arterial pressure (MAI The graduate nurse demonstrates correct understanding when he states which of the following:

A. Verapamil, as a calcium channel blocker, can cause vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial when administering verapamil, especially via IV bolus, as it can rapidly lower blood pressure and potentially lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.
B. Muscle pain is not a common or expected adverse effect of verapamil. While some medications might cause muscle-related symptoms, verapamil is more commonly associated with cardiovascular effects, such as hypotension and bradycardia, rather than muscle pain.
C. Ototoxicity is not a known adverse effect of verapamil. Ototoxicity is more commonly associated with other classes of drugs, such as certain antibiotics (e.g., aminoglycosides) or diuretics. Verapamil primarily affects the cardiovascular system, so ototoxicity is not a concern with this medication.
D. Hyperthermia is not a common adverse effect of verapamil. Verapamil does not typically affect body temperature regulation. Conditions associated with hyperthermia are more likely related to infections, overheating, or certain other medications, but not verapamil.

A. Cryoprecipitates are primarily used to treat bleeding disorders and conditions such as hemophilia or fibrinogen deficiencies. They are not the first-line treatment for hypovolemic shock, which is generally due to significant blood or fluid loss rather than clotting deficiencies.
B. Packed RBCs are a critical component in the management of hypovolemic shock, especially when the shock is due to significant blood loss. Administering packed RBCs helps restore the blood volume and improve oxygen delivery to tissues. This is particularly important in cases where the patient has lost a large volume of blood due to trauma, surgery, or other causes.
C. Albumin is used to treat hypovolemic shock when there is a need to increase intravascular volume due to fluid loss that results in low oncotic pressure. It is particularly useful in cases of burns, liver disease, or other conditions where fluid leaks into the interstitial space. While it can be used to manage hypovolemic shock, packed RBCs are typically the primary choice for blood loss.
D. Platelets are used to treat bleeding disorders where there is a deficiency in platelet count or function, such as in thrombocytopenia or during chemotherapy. They are not typically used for hypovolemic shock unless the shock is complicated by severe bleeding and platelet dysfunction.