A nurse who works at a primary care clinic is precepting a nursing student in their senior year of nursing school. The student has evaluated the medical records for the clients that day and will perform assessments and education as appropriate. The preceptor will be able to validate her student is able to prioritize those that are at high risk for developing cataracts if she is able to verbalize which client?
A 55-year-old client with hyperthyroidism
A 30-year-old client who drinks a beer twice a week
A 75-year-old client who has smoked for 50 years
A 40-year-old with arteriosclerosis
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Hyperthyroidism may cause eye issues like exophthalmos, not cataracts. Lens opacity from aging or smoking outweighs thyroid risk, making this 55-year-old less prioritized for cataract screening than older, smoking-exposed clients in this context fully.
Choice B reason: Minimal alcohol (two beers weekly) at 30 poses no cataract risk. Age and smoking are stronger factors; this young client lacks the cumulative exposure or oxidative stress tied to lens clouding, excluding them entirely here.
Choice C reason: At 75, with 50 years of smoking, this client faces high cataract risk. Aging degrades lens proteins, and smoking’s oxidative damage accelerates opacity, making this the priority for assessment and education on cataract prevention accurately here.
Choice D reason: Arteriosclerosis at 40 affects vessels, not lenses directly. While vascular health matters, age and smoking outweigh this risk for cataracts, rendering this client lower priority than the older, heavily smoking individual in this scenario fully.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Paraphimosis involves foreskin retraction, not meatal position, and isn’t prostate-related. Dorsal urethral meatus points to a congenital defect, not this acquired condition, making it an incorrect concern for this genitourinary finding entirely here fully.
Choice B reason: Epispadias is a congenital dorsal urethral opening, a key concern in males. This abnormal positioning may cause urinary issues or infertility, making it the most significant finding requiring attention in this assessment accurately and comprehensively here.
Choice C reason: Urethral stricture narrows the urethra, not shifting its position dorsally. This acquired issue isn’t bladder-specific, misaligning with the congenital anomaly observed, excluding it as the primary concern in this genitourinary exam fully here.
Choice D reason: Age doesn’t reposition the urethral meatus dorsally; this is congenital, not degenerative. Normal aging affects prostate size, not meatal anatomy, rendering this less critical than epispadias as the identified issue in this case entirely here.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 and 18, is the primary cervical cancer risk, causing 99% of cases. This STI triggers oncogenic changes in cervical cells, making it the key factor for this class accurately and fully here.
Choice B reason: HIV weakens immunity, raising HPV persistence risk, but isn’t a direct cervical cancer cause. Its role is secondary, amplifying HPV effects, not independently driving carcinogenesis, excluding it as the major factor comprehensively here entirely.
Choice C reason: Syphilis, a bacterial STI, causes sores, not cervical cancer. It lacks the viral oncogenic mechanism of HPV, rendering it irrelevant as a primary risk factor for this malignancy in the educational context fully here.
Choice D reason: Gonorrhea causes inflammation, not cancer. This bacterial STI doesn’t alter cervical DNA like HPV, making it an incorrect choice for a major risk factor in cervical cancer education for these students entirely here fully.
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