A nurse working in the emergency department is seeing an older patient who does not speak English well. The nurse calls for an interpreter. The student wants to know why the patient's minor child, who speaks English, cannot interpret. What response by the nurse is best? (Select all that apply.)

The patient has the right to interpretation

The child and older adult may be embarrassed

Privacy laws prohibit this practice

The child may not accurately translate

Having a child interpret takes too much time

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A.   This response is correct because patients have the right to receive clear and accurate information about their medical care. Professional interpreters ensure that patients fully understand their medical conditions, treatment options, and procedures. Using a qualified interpreter respects the patient's right to competent and equitable care.
B.   Using a child as an interpreter can cause discomfort or embarrassment for both the child and the older adult. The situation might be emotionally charged, and the presence of a child in a professional medical setting could make the older adult feel uncomfortable or pressured.
C.   Privacy laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the U.S., emphasize the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality. While privacy laws primarily address the protection of patient information, they also suggest that sensitive discussions, such as those about health conditions and treatments, should be handled by trained professionals to ensure privacy and confidentiality are upheld. A child might not be able to maintain the same level of confidentiality as a professional interpreter.
D.   Children, especially minors, may lack the maturity, language proficiency, and medical vocabulary needed to accurately and effectively translate complex medical information. Miscommunication can
lead to misunderstandings about the patient’s condition and treatment, potentially compromising care.
E.   This response is not the most valid in this context. While it might be true that using an untrained interpreter could potentially take longer, the primary concerns are about accuracy, professionalism, and maintaining patient rights and confidentiality. The use of a professional interpreter ensures that communication is clear and precise, which is essential for effective medical care.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A mentor is a seasoned professional who provides guidance, support, and advice to a less experienced person, often called a mentee. In the context of nursing, a mentor can help a novice nurse develop their skills, knowledge, and confidence.
B. A superior is a person who is higher in rank or authority than another. While a mentor may also be a superior, the term "mentor" emphasizes the role of providing guidance and support, rather than simply authority.
C. A manager is responsible for overseeing the work of others and ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. While a mentor may also have managerial responsibilities, the term "mentor" focuses on the role of providing individual guidance and support.
D. A supervisor is a person who oversees the work of others and ensures that tasks are completed correctly. While a mentor may also have supervisory responsibilities, the term "mentor" emphasizes the role of providing guidance and support, rather than simply oversight.

A. 69-year-old with peripheral vascular disease who is visited by home health care weekly. B. 73-year-old with a history of chronic bronchitis who lives with family. C. 86-year-old who lost a spouse and is moving into an assisted living facility. D. 79-year-old with moderate Alzheimer disease who requires assistance with all activities of daily living (ADLs)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) impairs blood flow to the extremities, which can affect the body's ability to regulate temperature, heal wounds, and manage cardiovascular function. Despite having regular home health care, which helps with monitoring and managing the condition, PVD still poses challenges to maintaining homeostasis.
B. Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that impairs lung function and impacts the body's ability to exchange gases efficiently. This condition can lead to chronic hypoxemia (low oxygen levels) and hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels), which directly affect homeostasis.
C. This individual is undergoing significant life changes, including bereavement and relocation, which can affect emotional and physiological well-being. While these stressors can impact overall health, they are less directly related to physiological processes that maintain homeostasis compared to chronic physical conditions.
D. Alzheimer’s disease leads to significant cognitive decline, which impairs the ability to perform daily activities and manage personal health. This cognitive impairment can result in a reduced ability to recognize and respond to physiological needs, which compromises homeostatic mechanisms. The need for assistance with all ADLs indicates severe functional impairment, making this patient highly vulnerable to disruptions in homeostasis due to their inability to self-manage health and daily activities effectively.

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A nurse working in the emergency department is seeing an older patient who does not speak English well. The nurse calls for an interpreter. The student wants to know why the patient's minor child, who speaks English, cannot interpret. What response by the nurse is best? (Select all that apply.)

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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