A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?
Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.
Parkinson disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine.
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by decreased amount of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.
Alzheimer’s disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine, primarily due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. This imbalance results in the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Choice B rationale
Parkinson's disease involves decreased dopamine production, not increased. The disease is caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels and an imbalance with acetylcholine.
Choice C rationale
Alzheimer's disease is not primarily characterized by a decrease in dopamine. Instead, it involves the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and a deficiency in acetylcholine, which is crucial for memory and cognitive functions.
Choice D rationale
Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deficiency of acetylcholine rather than an excess. The disease is also characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which contribute to cognitive decline.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drawing up regular insulin first is recommended to avoid contamination of the vial with other types of insulin.
Choice B rationale
Incorrect, as it is standard practice to draw up regular insulin first to maintain purity and efficacy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While the increase in the number of drug addicts has led to stricter regulations, this is not the primary reason for the difficulty in obtaining narcotic prescriptions.
Choice B rationale
Controlled substances like narcotics are regulated by the FDA and the DEA to prevent misuse and ensure they are prescribed and dispensed safely and appropriately.
Choice C rationale
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) does not regulate controlled substances; they focus on public health issues and disease prevention.
Choice D rationale
The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) does determine the risk for addiction, but it is the FDA that enforces regulations related to controlled substances. .
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