A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?

Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.

Parkinson disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine.

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by decreased amount of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.

Alzheimer’s disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine, primarily due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. This imbalance results in the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Choice B rationale

Parkinson's disease involves decreased dopamine production, not increased. The disease is caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels and an imbalance with acetylcholine.

Choice C rationale

Alzheimer's disease is not primarily characterized by a decrease in dopamine. Instead, it involves the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and a deficiency in acetylcholine, which is crucial for memory and cognitive functions.

Choice D rationale

Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deficiency of acetylcholine rather than an excess. The disease is also characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which contribute to cognitive decline.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Taking medication at the first sign of nausea may be too late to prevent motion sickness as it takes time for the medication to be absorbed and take effect.

Choice B rationale

Taking medication just prior to takeoff might not give the drug enough time to be absorbed and start working effectively.

Choice C rationale

Taking medication just prior to boarding the flight may not provide sufficient time for the drug to reach its peak effectiveness.

Choice D rationale

Taking the medication at 0700 before leaving for the airport allows enough time for the drug to be absorbed and reach its peak effect, which is essential for preventing motion sickness during the flight.

A. Reassure the client that this is nothing to worry about and will diminish over time. B. Tell the patient to stop taking the drug immediately as this is a serious side effect of the drug. C. Schedule an appointment with the provider to discuss changing to an ARB. D. Instruct the patient to go to the emergency room immediately as this is a hypersensitivity reaction.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Reassuring the client without addressing the persistent cough would not be appropriate as it may signal a need for a different medication. The ACE inhibitor captopril can cause a bothersome, persistent cough in some patients due to increased bradykinin levels.

Choice B rationale

Instructing the patient to stop the medication immediately is not advised without consulting the healthcare provider. While the cough is a known side effect, stopping the medication abruptly may lead to unmanaged hypertension.

Choice C rationale

Scheduling an appointment with the provider to discuss changing to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) is appropriate. ARBs do not typically cause a persistent cough, making them a suitable alternative for patients who experience this side effect with ACE inhibitors.

Choice D rationale

Instructing the patient to go to the emergency room immediately is unnecessary as the persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors and not an emergency situation. Emergency action is warranted for symptoms of angioedema, such as swelling of the face or throat.

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A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.Which description is correct?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient who experiences motion sickness when flying asks the nurse the best time to take the medication prescribed to prevent motion sickness for a flight.The nurse will instruct the patient to take the medication at what time?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient who has recently begun taking captopril (Capoten) to treat HTN calls a clinic to report a persistent cough.The nurse will perform which action?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?