A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?

Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.

Parkinson disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine.

Alzheimer’s disease is caused by decreased amount of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.

Alzheimer’s disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine, primarily due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. This imbalance results in the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

Choice B rationale

Parkinson's disease involves decreased dopamine production, not increased. The disease is caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels and an imbalance with acetylcholine.

Choice C rationale

Alzheimer's disease is not primarily characterized by a decrease in dopamine. Instead, it involves the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and a deficiency in acetylcholine, which is crucial for memory and cognitive functions.

Choice D rationale

Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deficiency of acetylcholine rather than an excess. The disease is also characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which contribute to cognitive decline.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Vitamin E is an antioxidant and is not indicated to counteract the effects of warfarin. It does not have a role in reversing anticoagulation or managing bleeding. High doses of Vitamin E can actually interfere with clotting and potentially exacerbate bleeding.

Choice B rationale

Protamine Sulfate is an antidote for heparin, not warfarin. It works by neutralizing the effects of heparin, which is an anticoagulant that acts quickly to prevent clot formation. Warfarin works differently and requires a different antidote for its anticoagulant effect.

Choice C rationale

Calcium Gluconate is not an antidote for warfarin. It is typically used in cases of hypocalcemia and can stabilize cardiac membranes in hyperkalemia but has no effect on reversing warfarin-induced anticoagulation or bleeding.

Choice D rationale

Vitamin K is the correct antidote for warfarin. It counteracts the anticoagulant effects by promoting the synthesis of clotting factors that warfarin inhibits. Administering Vitamin K is standard practice in reversing the effects of warfarin and managing bleeding complications.

A. A sign of poor self-care. B. A drug interaction with aspirin. C. An adverse effect of the phenytoin. D. A symptom of hepatotoxicity.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Poor self-care is not directly associated with reddened, bleeding gums in this context.

Choice B rationale

While aspirin can cause bleeding issues, the context here is related to seizure disorder and phenytoin.

Choice C rationale

Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant used to manage seizures, can cause gingival hyperplasia, leading to reddened and bleeding gums.

Choice D rationale

Hepatotoxicity is related to liver damage and does not present with reddened, bleeding gums.

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A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.Which description is correct?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse discovers a patient receiving warfarin is bleeding.What drug would the nurse prepare to counteract this drug?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient that has seizure disorder.The nurse notes that the patient has reddened gums that bleed when oral care is given.The nurse recognizes this finding as:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?