A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?
Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.
Parkinson disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine.
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by decreased amount of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.
Alzheimer’s disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine, primarily due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. This imbalance results in the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Choice B rationale
Parkinson's disease involves decreased dopamine production, not increased. The disease is caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels and an imbalance with acetylcholine.
Choice C rationale
Alzheimer's disease is not primarily characterized by a decrease in dopamine. Instead, it involves the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and a deficiency in acetylcholine, which is crucial for memory and cognitive functions.
Choice D rationale
Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deficiency of acetylcholine rather than an excess. The disease is also characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which contribute to cognitive decline.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Anticonvulsant medications are not taken on an as-needed basis. They require consistent dosing to maintain therapeutic levels and prevent seizure activity effectively.
Choice B rationale
The goal of anticonvulsant therapy is not just temporary seizure control but long-term management. Medications are continued even after achieving seizure-free status to prevent recurrence.
Choice C rationale
While some patients might achieve control within a few years, there is no standard duration for stopping anticonvulsants. Treatment duration varies based on individual response and risk of recurrence.
Choice D rationale
Anticonvulsant medications are typically taken for a lifetime to manage epilepsy. Long-term therapy is crucial for maintaining seizure control and preventing breakthrough seizures.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Thiazide diuretics do not block the sodium pump. They act primarily on the distal convoluted tubule in the kidneys.
Choice B rationale
Thiazide diuretics block the chloride pump in the distal convoluted tubule, preventing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to increased urine output and decreased blood pressure.
Choice C rationale
Thiazide diuretics do not block the carbonic anhydrase pump. This action is associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Choice D rationale
Thiazide diuretics do not block the potassium pump. They can cause potassium loss as a side effect, but this is not their primary mechanism of action.
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