A nursing student asks the nurse to differentiate the pathology of Alzheimer's disease from that of Parkinson's disease.
Which description is correct?
Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine.
Parkinson disease involves increased dopamine production and decreased acetylcholine.
Alzheimer’s disease is caused by decreased amount of dopamine and degeneration of cholinergic neurons.
Alzheimer’s disease involves a possible excess of acetylcholine and neuritic plaques.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Parkinson's disease is characterized by an imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine, primarily due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. This imbalance results in the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
Choice B rationale
Parkinson's disease involves decreased dopamine production, not increased. The disease is caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to reduced dopamine levels and an imbalance with acetylcholine.
Choice C rationale
Alzheimer's disease is not primarily characterized by a decrease in dopamine. Instead, it involves the degeneration of cholinergic neurons and a deficiency in acetylcholine, which is crucial for memory and cognitive functions.
Choice D rationale
Alzheimer's disease is associated with a deficiency of acetylcholine rather than an excess. The disease is also characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which contribute to cognitive decline.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Working with animals is typically done in preclinical trials before phase I studies in humans and is not part of phase III drug evaluation studies.
Choice B rationale
Conducting research to determine the effectiveness of the drug is part of phase II studies. Phase III studies focus more on confirming effectiveness, monitoring side effects, and comparing it to commonly used treatments.
Choice C rationale
Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects is a key responsibility in phase III drug evaluation studies. These studies involve a larger patient population to gather comprehensive safety and efficacy data.
Choice D rationale
Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the study is primarily the responsibility of researchers and clinicians during the earlier phases of drug development, such as phase I and phase II studies.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Analyzing data collected is part of the assessment phase, not the intervention phase.
Choice B rationale
Collecting a nursing history is part of the assessment phase of the nursing process, not the intervention phase.
Choice C rationale
Determining medication effectiveness is a critical aspect of the intervention phase, as it assesses the therapeutic outcomes of the administered drugs.
Choice D rationale
Documenting the medication is a key action in the intervention phase to ensure accurate and up-to-date patient records and safe administration.
Choice E rationale
Administering the medication is a direct intervention related to drug therapy and is part of the intervention phase.
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