A patient comes to the clinic complaining of neck and shoulder pain and is unable to turn her head. Which nerve does the nurse suspect is damaged and how should the nurse proceed with the examination?

XI; have patient shrug their shoulders against resistance.

XI; palpate the anterior and posterior triangles.

XII; assess for a positive Romberg sign.

XII; percuss the sternomastoid and submandibular neck muscles.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. XI; have patient shrug their shoulders against resistance: Cranial nerve XI, also known as the accessory nerve, is responsible for the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Damage to this nerve can lead to weakness in shoulder shrugging and difficulty turning the head. Asking the patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance allows the nurse to assess the function of this nerve effectively.

B. XI; palpate the anterior and posterior triangles: While palpating the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck can provide useful anatomical information, it does not specifically assess the function of cranial nerve XI. This action may not directly address the patient's complaints or evaluate nerve function adequately.

C. XII; assess for a positive Romberg sign: Cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal nerve, is responsible for tongue movement. The Romberg test assesses balance and proprioception, not directly related to neck and shoulder pain or head movement. This option is not appropriate in this context.

D. XII; percuss the sternomastoid and submandibular neck muscles: Percussion is not a standard method for assessing cranial nerve function and would not provide useful information about nerve damage. This option also incorrectly identifies the relevant cranial nerve, as cranial nerve XII is not involved in neck and shoulder movement.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Rubella: Rubella is a viral infection caused by the rubella virus, not a complication of untreated strep throat. It is unrelated to Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and is prevented through vaccination.

B. Leukoplakia: Leukoplakia is a condition characterized by white patches on the mucous membranes, often associated with chronic irritation or tobacco use. It is not a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis.

C. Rheumatic fever: Untreated streptococcal throat infections caused by Group A Streptococcus can lead to rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease affecting the heart, joints, skin, and brain. This autoimmune response can result in rheumatic heart disease, which may cause permanent cardiac damage.

D. Scarlet fever: While scarlet fever can develop from strep throat, it is not a long-term complication but rather an acute reaction to the streptococcal toxin. The more serious complication of untreated strep throat is rheumatic fever, which can have lasting consequences, particularly for the heart.

A. Bronchial breath sounds that are normal in that location. B. Bronchovesicular breath sounds that are normal in that location. C. Normal sounds auscultated over the trachea. D. Vesicular breath sounds that are normal in that location.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Bronchial breath sounds that are normal in that location: Bronchial breath sounds are high-pitched and louder, with expiration lasting longer than inspiration. They are normally heard over the trachea and not over the posterior lower lobes. If bronchial sounds are heard in the lower lung fields, it may indicate lung consolidation, such as in pneumonia.

B. Bronchovesicular breath sounds that are normal in that location: Bronchovesicular breath sounds are moderate in pitch and intensity, with inspiration and expiration being roughly equal in length. These sounds are typically heard over the major bronchi, near the sternum anteriorly and between the scapulae posteriorly, making them unlikely to be present in the posterior lower lobes.

C. Normal sounds auscultated over the trachea: Breath sounds heard over the trachea are expected to be bronchial, which are loud and high-pitched, with expiration lasting longer than inspiration. The low-pitched, soft sounds described do not match the normal tracheal breath sounds.

D. Vesicular breath sounds that are normal in that location: Vesicular breath sounds are soft and low-pitched, with inspiration lasting longer than expiration. They are the normal breath sounds heard over most of the peripheral lung fields, including the posterior lower lobes, confirming that these findings are normal.

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A patient comes to the clinic complaining of neck and shoulder pain and is unable to turn her head. Which nerve does the nurse suspect is damaged and how should the nurse proceed with the examination?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been diagnosed with strep throat. The nurse is aware that without treatment, which complication may occur?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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