A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

inability of the kidneys to produce erythropoietin.

increased ability to absorb calcium from the foods that are eaten.

decreased ability of the kidneys to activate vitamin D.

decreased serum phosphate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While CKD does reduce erythropoietin production, this affects anemia rather than bone health or fracture risk.

B. CKD often leads to decreased calcium absorption due to impaired vitamin D activation, not an increased absorption. C. In CKD, the kidneys lose the ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, impairing calcium absorption from the intestine and weakening

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Preload is typically increased in LHF, as blood backs up in the left side of the heart.

B. Although pleural effusion can occur as a secondary complication in some cases of heart failure, it is not as directly indicative of LHF as pulmonary edema.

C. Peripheral edema is more characteristic of right heart failure, where blood backs up in the systemic circulation.

D. Pulmonary edema is a hallmark finding in left heart failure as the left ventricle fails to pump effectively, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs due to back pressure from the left atrium into the pulmonary veins.

A. use of accessory muscles for breathing. B. bronchial-lining swelling that prevents ease of exhalation. C. destruction of elastic recoil properties of the lungs. D. difficulty with inhalation due to stiff alveoli that have filled with fluid.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use is a response to respiratory distress, not the underlying cause of asthma symptoms.

B. Asthma causes inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining, which narrows the airways and makes it difficult to exhale air from the lungs, leading to prolonged expiration and wheezing.

C. Destruction of elastic recoil is associated with chronic lung conditions like emphysema, not asthma.

D. Stiff alveoli and fluid-filled lungs are more characteristic of restrictive lung diseases or pulmonary edema, not asthma.

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A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Following a myocardial infarction (MI) of the left ventricle, a patient develops left heart failure (LHF). Findings commonly associated with LHF include

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner (FNP). The child is wheezing and has prolonged expirations. The basic etiology of her signs and symptoms (S&S) includes:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient has developed left heart failure (LHF). Which laboratory test, when elevated, confirms a heart failure diagnosis?

A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _____ and requests a _____.

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