A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

inability of the kidneys to produce erythropoietin.

increased ability to absorb calcium from the foods that are eaten.

decreased ability of the kidneys to activate vitamin D.

decreased serum phosphate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While CKD does reduce erythropoietin production, this affects anemia rather than bone health or fracture risk.

B. CKD often leads to decreased calcium absorption due to impaired vitamin D activation, not an increased absorption. C. In CKD, the kidneys lose the ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, impairing calcium absorption from the intestine and weakening

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Plaque rupture in coronary artery disease can expose the underlying tissue, leading to activation of the clotting cascade and thrombus formation. This can cause sudden worsening of symptoms due to reduced or obstructed blood flow in the coronary artery.

B. Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral arteries over time, which is a slow, compensatory process rather than an acute event leading to worsening symptoms.

C. Coronary veins are not typically obstructed in CAD; instead, coronary arteries are affected, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium.

D. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good cholesterol" and help clear arterial plaques, so they do not contribute to arterial rupture.

A. Creatine kinase level B. Homocysteine level C. Serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) D. Serum potassium

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Creatine kinase is an enzyme released when muscle tissue is damaged, often used in diagnosing muscle injuries or heart attacks, not coronary artery disease risk.

B. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease as it can damage the blood vessel walls and promote clot formation.

C. High levels of serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are protective against coronary artery disease, not a risk factor.

D. Serum potassium is important for cardiovascular health, but it does not directly correlate with coronary artery disease risk.

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A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which laboratory test, when elevated, indicates an increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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