A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

inability of the kidneys to produce erythropoietin.

increased ability to absorb calcium from the foods that are eaten.

decreased ability of the kidneys to activate vitamin D.

decreased serum phosphate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While CKD does reduce erythropoietin production, this affects anemia rather than bone health or fracture risk.

B. CKD often leads to decreased calcium absorption due to impaired vitamin D activation, not an increased absorption. C. In CKD, the kidneys lose the ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, impairing calcium absorption from the intestine and weakening

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.

B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.

C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.

D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.

A. Troponin B. Calcium level C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) D. C-reactive protein (CRP)

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Troponin is a biomarker used to diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack), not heart failure.

B. Calcium levels are important for overall metabolic function but are not specific for heart failure.

C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated in heart failure, specifically in left heart failure, and helps confirm the diagnosis. BNP is a hormone released by the ventricles in response to increased pressure and volume.

D. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation but does not specifically confirm a heart failure diagnosis.

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A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient has developed left heart failure (LHF). Which laboratory test, when elevated, confirms a heart failure diagnosis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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The signs and symptoms (S&S) of respiratory failure may be identified in the patient who has a(n):

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A nurse is caring for a patient who has complete kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which treatment will the nurse anticipate for this patient?

A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)