A woman presents to a clinic with JVD (jugular venous distension), liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema. Upon auscultation of her heart, the RN notes a murmur. The etiologies that would best account for all aspects of this patient picture are

aortic atherosclerosis & mitral insufficiency.

aortic valve stenosis & left heart failure.

bronchogenic cancer & diaphoresis.

pulmonic valve stenosis & right heart failure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Aortic atherosclerosis and mitral insufficiency could lead to some symptoms of congestion but would not fully explain jugular venous distension and liver congestion.

B. Aortic valve stenosis and left heart failure primarily affect left-sided heart function, which typically does not present with jugular venous distension or peripheral edema.

C. Bronchogenic cancer and diaphoresis do not explain the cardiovascular symptoms present in this case.

D. Pulmonic valve stenosis can lead to right heart failure, causing systemic venous congestion, which results in JVD, liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema, thus accounting for all aspects of the patient's presentation.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While varicose veins can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which in turn can lead to a PE, they are not an acute symptom of a PE.

B. Thick green sputum is more indicative of a respiratory infection, such as pneumonia, rather than a pulmonary embolus.

C. Hypertension can be seen in various conditions but is not a primary indicator of PE.

D. Sudden dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a classic sign of a pulmonary embolus, as the clot obstructs blood flow to the lungs, leading to respiratory distress.

A. Creatine kinase level B. Homocysteine level C. Serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) D. Serum potassium

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Creatine kinase is an enzyme released when muscle tissue is damaged, often used in diagnosing muscle injuries or heart attacks, not coronary artery disease risk.

B. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease as it can damage the blood vessel walls and promote clot formation.

C. High levels of serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are protective against coronary artery disease, not a risk factor.

D. Serum potassium is important for cardiovascular health, but it does not directly correlate with coronary artery disease risk.

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A woman presents to a clinic with JVD (jugular venous distension), liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema. Upon auscultation of her heart, the RN notes a murmur. The etiologies that would best account for all aspects of this patient picture are

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse suspects that her patient has developed a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which assessment finding would lead to this nursing judgment?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which laboratory test, when elevated, indicates an increased risk for the development of coronary artery disease?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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