A patient is having difficulty swallowing following a stroke, and a swallowing evaluation is ordered. Which nursing interventions might be recommended to help prevent aspiration during eating? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

A. Clean pins with hydrogen peroxide four times daily. Hydrogen peroxide is not recommended for routine pin care as it can damage tissue and delay healing. Overuse can also lead to the formation of oxygen bubbles in the tissue, which may cause complications. Recommended cleaning solutions often include saline or a mild antiseptic, depending on the facility's protocol.
B. Monitor pin sites at least daily: Regular monitoring of pin sites is essential to detect early signs of infection or complications such as redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge. Early detection allows for prompt intervention, which is crucial in preventing more severe infections and complications.
C. Loosen screws holding the pins during cleaning. Loosening screws can destabilize the fixation device and disrupt the bone alignment, potentially causing injury and delaying healing. Screws and pins should remain securely tightened unless adjustments are being made by a qualified healthcare provider.
D. Use strict aseptic technique for pin care: Using strict aseptic technique helps prevent the introduction of microorganisms at the pin sites. This is critical because external fixation devices create a direct pathway for pathogens to enter the body, which can lead to serious infections like osteomyelitis.
E. Follow agency protocol for pin care: Each healthcare facility may have specific protocols and guidelines for pin care based on evidence-based practices. Following these protocols ensures that the care provided is consistent and meets the latest standards for infection control and patient safety.
F. Avoid touching the pins. While it is crucial to avoid unnecessary handling of pins to prevent contamination, touching the pins during necessary cleaning and care using aseptic technique is allowed. Completely avoiding touching the pins could result in inadequate cleaning and care.

A. Women often have vague symptoms of stroke such as weakness or hallucinations: While women may sometimes present with less typical symptoms, stating that hallucinations are common is misleading. Stroke symptoms in women can vary, but weakness and other neurological deficits are more common.
B. The FAST acronym stands for Face, Arms, Swallowing, and Time: This is incorrect. FAST stands for Face (drooping), Arms (weakness), Speech (difficulty), and Time (importance of quick action).
C. Stroke patients always present with dysphasia: This is incorrect. Not all stroke patients have speech difficulties; symptoms vary depending on the area of the brain affected.
D. Treatment that begins within 3 hours of symptom onset can minimize or avoid permanent loss of function: This is correct. Timely intervention, especially with treatments like tPA for ischemic strokes, can significantly reduce the extent of brain damage and improve outcomes.