A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.29, bicarbonate (HCO2) level of 25 mmol/L, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 55 mmHg. Which cause is consistent with these lab values?
Excessive H+ ion loss due to severe vomiting
Hyperventilation secondary to a panic attack
Shallow and decreased breathing secondary to COPD
Increased renal HCO3 excretion due to kidney disease
The Correct Answer is C
A. Excessive H⁺ ion loss due to severe vomiting: Severe vomiting typically leads to metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis.
B. Hyperventilation secondary to a panic attack: Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis due to low PaCO2 levels.
C. Shallow and decreased breathing secondary to COPD: COPD can cause respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation, leading to a high PaCO2 and a low pH.
D. Increased renal HCO3 excretion due to kidney disease: Increased renal excretion of bicarbonate would lead to metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Cells that release histamine during the inflammatory response. Cells that release histamine during inflammation are mast cells, not phagocytic cells.
B. Cells that eat pathogens and destroy them. Phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest pathogens in a process called phagocytosis.
C. Cells in the immune system with four-part receptors shaped like a Y. Cells with Y-shaped receptors are B cells, which produce antibodies, not phagocytes.
D. Cells in the immune system with two chains. T cells have two-part receptors but are not classified as phagocytes.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
A. Close skin contact: HSV spreads through direct contact with infected skin or mucosal surfaces, especially when sores or blisters are present.
B. Mucosa secretions: HSV is also spread via bodily fluids from mucosal surfaces, such as during sexual contact or kissing.
C. Inhalation: HSV is not spread through airborne particles or inhalation.
D. Animal host: HSV is a human pathogen and is not transmitted through animals.
E. Shared bath: The virus does not survive long on inanimate objects, so transmission through shared baths is extremely unlikely.
F. Genetics: Herpes is an infectious disease, not a genetic condition.
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