A patient presents with urinary incontinence. Which of the following expected findings would the nurse most likely assess?

Urinary urgency without frequency

Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, sneezing

Urinary hesitancy

Hematuria

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Urinary urgency refers to a sudden, compelling need to urinate, which may or may not be accompanied by frequency (i.e., the need to urinate often). Urgency alone does not necessarily indicate urinary incontinence but rather may suggest conditions like overactive bladder or urge incontinence. This finding is not the most characteristic sign of urinary incontinence but rather a symptom of specific types of incontinence or bladder conditions.
B.   Loss of urine when laughing, coughing, or sneezing is indicative of stress urinary incontinence. This type of incontinence occurs when physical activities that increase abdominal pressure (such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing) lead to involuntary leakage of urine. It is a common and classic symptom of stress urinary incontinence.
C.   Urinary hesitancy refers to difficulty starting the urine stream or a delay in beginning urination. This symptom is more commonly associated with obstructive urinary conditions or prostatic issues in males rather than incontinence. It does not typically characterize urinary incontinence, which is more related to involuntary leakage rather than difficulties initiating urination.
D.   Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and can be a sign of various urological issues such as infections, stones, or tumors. It is not a typical finding associated with urinary incontinence, which involves involuntary leakage rather than the presence of blood.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Sucralfate acts locally on the gastrointestinal mucosa by forming a protective barrier that adheres to ulcers and erosions. This barrier helps protect the tissue from stomach acid and promotes healing. As a result, the therapeutic effect of sucralfate often includes relief from gastrointestinal pain associated with ulcers and erosions.
B. Sucralfate does not directly treat Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium often associated with peptic ulcers. The treatment for H. pylori usually involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-receptor antagonists.
C. Sucralfate does not have a role in preventing opportunistic infections. It is specifically used to protect and heal the gastrointestinal lining, not to influence immune function or infection risk.
D. Sucralfate does not affect vision. It is used to treat gastrointestinal issues, not ocular conditions. Improvement of impaired vision is not related to the therapeutic effect of sucralfate.

A. Exposure to sunlight B. Vitamin A depletion C. Weight-bearing exercise D. Calcium

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin in response to exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, specifically UVB rays, a chemical reaction occurs that converts 7- dehydrocholesterol (a substance found in the skin) into vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). This form of vitamin D is then converted into its active form in the liver and kidneys.
B. This is not related to the formation of vitamin D. While vitamin A is important for overall health and vision, it does not play a role in the synthesis of vitamin D. Vitamin D formation is independent of vitamin A levels in the body.
C. This is not a direct trigger for vitamin D formation. While weight-bearing exercise is important for bone health and can improve overall musculoskeletal function, it does not influence the production of vitamin D in the body. The synthesis of vitamin D is primarily influenced by exposure to sunlight.
D. Calcium does not trigger vitamin D formation. While calcium and vitamin D are closely related, with vitamin D being essential for optimal calcium absorption, the presence of calcium does not affect the synthesis of vitamin D. Instead, calcium levels influence how much vitamin D is needed to ensure proper calcium absorption.

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A patient presents with urinary incontinence. Which of the following expected findings would the nurse most likely assess?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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