A patient who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer, asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications:

Increase insulin production by the pancreas

Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas

Decrease the amount of glucagon produced by the pancreas

Decrease the uptake of glucose by the body's cells

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increase insulin production by the pancreas: This is incorrect because incretin enhancers don't increase the production of insulin itself but rather enhance the secretion of insulin in response to meals.
B. Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas: This is correct. Incretin enhancers (e.g., DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists) work by amplifying the effect of incretins, which are hormones that increase insulin secretion in response to meals.
C. Decrease the amount of glucagon produced by the pancreas: This is partly true but not the primary mechanism. Incretins do reduce glucagon release, which helps lower blood glucose, but the main action is to increase insulin secretion.
D. Decrease the uptake of glucose by the body's cells: This is incorrect. Incretin enhancers do not work by decreasing glucose uptake by cells; rather, they enhance insulin secretion which in turn helps cells to uptake glucose.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. In 15 to 30 minutes:This is the onset time for regular insulin, not the peak. Blood sugar monitoring during this period may not yet reveal the full effect of the insulin.

B. In 1 to 2 hours:This is too early for the peak of regular insulin. Hypoglycemia risk is lower during this period compared to the 2 to 4-hour peak window.

C. In 4 to 6 hours:This is nearing the end of the action duration for regular insulin, so monitoring blood sugar at this time would be less effective for identifying hypoglycemia risk at the peak.

D. In 2 to 4 hours:This is the peak action time for regular insulin, when blood glucose should be monitored closely for potential hypoglycemia.

A. pancreatitis B. new blindness C. nontraumatic lower extremity amputations D. hepatitis E. Renal failure

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis is not directly caused by diabetes. It has different etiologies, such as gallstones, alcohol use, and certain medications.
B. New blindness: Diabetes is a leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults due to diabetic retinopathy, which damages the blood vessels in the retina.
C. Nontraumatic lower extremity amputations: Diabetes is the primary cause of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations due to complications such as peripheral neuropathy and poor circulation leading to severe infections and gangrene.
D. Hepatitis: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, commonly caused by viral infections, alcohol abuse, or other factors, not directly by diabetes
E. Renal failure: Diabetes is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetic nephropathy, which damages the kidneys over time.

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A patient who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer, asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse needs to monitor a client's blood sugar after administration of insulin regular (Humulin R). When does the nurse expect to assess the client's blood sugar based on the peak action of the medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

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