A patient who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer, asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications:

Increase insulin production by the pancreas

Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas

Decrease the amount of glucagon produced by the pancreas

Decrease the uptake of glucose by the body's cells

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Increase insulin production by the pancreas: This is incorrect because incretin enhancers don't increase the production of insulin itself but rather enhance the secretion of insulin in response to meals.
B. Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas: This is correct. Incretin enhancers (e.g., DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists) work by amplifying the effect of incretins, which are hormones that increase insulin secretion in response to meals.
C. Decrease the amount of glucagon produced by the pancreas: This is partly true but not the primary mechanism. Incretins do reduce glucagon release, which helps lower blood glucose, but the main action is to increase insulin secretion.
D. Decrease the uptake of glucose by the body's cells: This is incorrect. Incretin enhancers do not work by decreasing glucose uptake by cells; rather, they enhance insulin secretion which in turn helps cells to uptake glucose.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Respiratory acidosis: This is not a typical side effect of metformin.
B. Hyperlipidaemia: Metformin might not directly cause significant hyperlipidaemia.
C. Hypertension: Metformin doesn't typically cause hypertension.
D. Lactic acidosis: This is a rare but serious complication of metformin therapy. It can occur if metformin accumulates in the body due to impaired kidney function or other factors. Monitoring for signs and symptoms is crucial.

A. The patient uses OTC drugs prophylactically B. The patient stops taking the drug when he or she begins to feel better C. The patient switches to multiple drug therapy from single drug therapy D. The patient increases the drug dosage when he or she perceives that the therapeutic effect of the drug is slowing down.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The patient uses OTC drugs prophylactically: OTC (over-the-counter) medications used appropriately shouldn't directly cause microbial repopulation.
B. The patient stops taking the drug when he or she begins to feel better: This is the most concerning habit. Stopping antibiotics early allows susceptible microbes to survive and multiply, potentially leading to a recurrent infection.
C. The patient switches to multiple drug therapy from single drug therapy: This might be done under a doctor's supervision for complex infections, and wouldn't necessarily promote repopulation.
D. The patient increases the drug dosage when he or she perceives that the therapeutic effect is slowing down: Increasing the dosage without consulting a doctor is not recommended, but it wouldn't necessarily cause repopulation if the original dose was effective.

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A patient who has just been prescribed an incretin enhancer, asks the nurse how it works. The nurse informs the patient that these types of medications:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Clients taking metformin (Glucophage) should be monitored for this rare but potentially fatal adverse effect:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following common habit of patients may cause microbes to re-populate and re-establish an infection?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

.A nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K 1mg IM to a newborn. Available is vitamin K injection 1 mg/0.5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Why must the nurse instruct a patient receiving metformin (Glucophage XL) to avoid crushing or chewing the medication?

The nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged with a prescription for tetracycline. Which of the following statements, if made by the client. demonstrates an understanding of the discharge instructions?

Untreated or improperly treated diabetes is the primary cause of the following: (Select All that Apply.)

Which hormones that regulate blood glucose levels are secreted by the pancreas? (Select all that apply.)

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