A patient with alkalosis can develop hyperkalemia.
True
False
The Correct Answer is True
Choice A: True
The statement that a patient with alkalosis can develop hyperkalemia is generally incorrect. Alkalosis, which is a condition characterized by a higher-than-normal pH in the blood, typically leads to hypokalemia rather than hyperkalemia. This occurs because alkalosis causes potassium to shift from the extracellular fluid into the cells, reducing the plasma potassium concentration. Therefore, it is uncommon for alkalosis to result in hyperkalemia.
Choice B: False
The correct answer is that a patient with alkalosis is unlikely to develop hyperkalemia. Alkalosis usually causes a decrease in plasma potassium levels, leading to hypokalemia. This is due to the movement of potassium ions into the cells in exchange for hydrogen ions, which are moved out of the cells to help buffer the increased pH. Consequently, the plasma potassium concentration drops, making hyperkalemia an unlikely outcome in the presence of alkalosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Notifying the oncologist or healthcare provider immediately is crucial in the event of a reaction or side effect during chemotherapy. Prompt communication with the healthcare provider ensures that the patient receives appropriate and timely medical intervention. The oncologist can provide specific instructions on managing the reaction, including any necessary medications or adjustments to the chemotherapy regimen. Immediate notification helps in preventing the escalation of the reaction and ensures patient safety.
Choice B reason:
Slowing the chemotherapy infusion is not typically recommended as an immediate intervention for a severe reaction. While adjusting the infusion rate can be considered for mild reactions, it is not sufficient for managing more serious side effects or hypersensitivity reactions. In cases of significant reactions, stopping the infusion and taking other emergency measures are more appropriate. Slowing the infusion might delay the necessary interventions and could potentially worsen the patient’s condition.
Choice C reason:
Stopping the chemotherapy infusion is a critical step in managing a reaction. Halting the infusion immediately prevents further exposure to the causative agent, which can help in stabilizing the patient’s condition. This action is essential to prevent the reaction from worsening and allows time for the healthcare team to assess the situation and implement appropriate interventions. Stopping the infusion is a standard protocol in managing infusion-related reactions.
Choice D reason:
Assessing Ms. Anderson’s vital signs and symptoms is essential to determine the severity of the reaction and guide further interventions. Monitoring vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation provides crucial information about the patient’s physiological status. This assessment helps in identifying any life-threatening changes and ensures that appropriate measures are taken to stabilize the patient. Continuous monitoring is vital for detecting any deterioration in the patient’s condition.
Choice E reason:
Infusing normal saline at 100 ml/hr is an important intervention to maintain intravenous access and provide fluid support. Normal saline helps in stabilizing the patient’s blood pressure and improving circulation, which can be compromised during a severe reaction. It also ensures that the IV line remains patent for the administration of emergency medications if needed. Fluid support is a key component of managing infusion-related reactions and preventing complications.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Offering peppermint aromatherapy during and after chemotherapy can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Aromatherapy with peppermint oil has been shown to reduce nausea and improve comfort in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The scent of peppermint can have a calming effect on the gastrointestinal system, helping to alleviate nausea. This intervention is easy to implement and can be used alongside other treatments to enhance patient comfort.
Choice B reason:
Administering antiemetics before chemotherapy is a standard practice for preventing CINV. Antiemetics, such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g., ondansetron), NK1 receptor antagonists (e.g., aprepitant), and corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone), are commonly used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. These medications are most effective when given prophylactically, before the onset of symptoms. Administering antiemetics before chemotherapy helps to block the pathways that trigger nausea and vomiting, providing better control over these symptoms.
Choice C reason:
Keeping Ms. Anderson NPO (nothing by mouth) for the duration of the chemotherapy is not recommended for managing CINV. Keeping patients NPO can lead to dehydration and malnutrition, which can worsen their overall condition. Instead, patients should be encouraged to eat small, frequent meals and stay hydrated to maintain their strength and well-being. Proper nutrition and hydration are essential for supporting the body’s ability to tolerate chemotherapy and recover from its side effects.
Choice D reason:
Encouraging the patient to eat and drink when not nauseated is an important strategy for managing CINV. Eating small, frequent meals and staying hydrated can help maintain energy levels and prevent dehydration. Patients should be advised to eat bland, easy-to-digest foods and avoid foods that are greasy, spicy, or have strong odors, as these can exacerbate nausea. Encouraging patients to eat and drink when they feel well can help them maintain their nutritional status and improve their overall tolerance to chemotherapy.
Choice E reason:
Offering small sips of ginger ale can help manage nausea. Ginger has natural antiemetic properties and can be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting. Ginger ale, ginger tea, or ginger candies can be soothing and help settle the stomach. This simple intervention can be easily incorporated into the patient’s routine and can provide relief from mild to moderate nausea.
Choice F reason:
Encouraging Ms. Anderson to eat a high-protein meal prior to the chemotherapy infusion is not typically recommended for managing CINV. High-protein meals can be harder to digest and may increase the risk of nausea. Instead, patients should be advised to eat light, bland meals before chemotherapy to minimize the risk of nausea and vomiting. Light meals are easier on the stomach and less likely to trigger gastrointestinal discomfort.