Typical changes in total body water in older people include:
Increased total body water caused by increase in muscle mass
Decreased total body water caused by decrease in muscle mass
Increased total body water caused by increased fat mass
Decreased total body water caused by decreased fat mass
The Correct Answer is B
A. Increased total body water due to an increase in muscle mass is incorrect because muscle tissue holds more water than fat tissue, but as people age, they typically lose muscle mass, not gain it.
B. Decreased total body water due to a decrease in muscle mass is correct. As people age, muscle mass generally decreases, and since muscle tissue contains more water than fat tissue, the total body water decreases with aging.
C. Increased total body water caused by increased fat mass is incorrect because fat tissue actually holds less water than muscle tissue. As fat mass increases, total body water typically decreases.
D. Decreased total body water caused by decreased fat mass is incorrect because fat tissue does not significantly contribute to total body water, and the loss of fat does not have a significant impact on water content in the body.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A pH of 7.50 is alkalotic, and the bicarbonate level is low, which is inconsistent with chronic kidney disease, where metabolic acidosis is more common.
B. The pH of 7.25 indicates acidosis, but the bicarbonate level is too low, and the PaCO2 is too low to be consistent with a typical acid-base imbalance in chronic kidney disease.
C. The pH of 7.55 is alkalotic, which does not fit the typical presentation of chronic kidney disease, which is associated with metabolic acidosis.
D. A pH of 7.30 indicates mild acidosis, and the bicarbonate level is within a normal range for compensatory mechanisms. The elevated PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg indicates respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis, which is expected in chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys are unable to adequately excrete acid.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Laxatives are used to relieve constipation by promoting bowel movements, not for treating diarrhea.
B. Antimotility agents work by slowing down the movement of the intestines, which can reduce diarrhea, but they do not specifically absorb excess fluid in the fecal matter.
C. Adsorbents, such as activated charcoal or kaolin-pectin, work by absorbing excess fluid in the fecal matter in the colon, which helps to reduce diarrhea without affecting transport processes across the intestinal membranes.
D. Bulk-forming agents, like psyllium, absorb water and increase the bulk of stool, which is used for constipation rather than diarrhea.
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