A total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material is manifested by:
Hoarse cough
Rapid loss of consciousness
Inflammation of the mucosa
Dyspnea
The Correct Answer is B
A. A hoarse cough may occur with partial airway obstruction, but it is not a typical sign of a complete obstruction. A total obstruction would more likely lead to inability to cough effectively.
B. A total obstruction of the airway, such as from aspirated material, can lead to rapid loss of consciousness due to the lack of oxygen reaching the brain. This is a critical emergency.
C. Inflammation of the mucosa is a response to irritation or injury but would not be the primary manifestation of a total airway obstruction.
D. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is common with airway obstructions, but in the case of total obstruction, the person would be unable to breathe at all, leading to more severe signs like loss of consciousness.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While high blood glucose levels can affect nerve function, excessive glucose exposure does not specifically target the brain and spinal cord in a way that causes neuropathy.
B. Neuropathy in diabetes is not caused by the inability to provide glucose to the brain and spinal cord, but rather by the effects of high blood glucose levels on peripheral nerves.
C. Infection in the nerves is not the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy, although infection can occur in diabetic patients due to poor circulation and immune system impairment.
D. Chronic high blood glucose levels can cause thickening of blood vessels, leading to poor circulation (ischemia) that deprives nerves of oxygen and nutrients, ultimately causing nerve damage. This is the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Mucous obstruction is a secondary effect of cystic fibrosis, but it is not the primary cellular issue. The root cause lies in the dysfunction of chloride transport, which leads to thick, sticky mucus that obstructs various organs.
B. The primary problem in cystic fibrosis is a defect in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein, which disrupts electrolyte and water transport across cell membranes. This causes thickened mucus and affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines.
C. Infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis due to the buildup of thick mucus, which can trap bacteria, but it is a consequence rather than the primary issue.
D. Pancreatitis is a potential complication of cystic fibrosis due to the blockage of pancreatic ducts, but it is not the major cellular issue.
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