A patient's blood gases show a pH of 7.53, PCO2 of 48, and HCO3 of 36 mEq/L. The nurse realizes that the acid-base disorder this patient is demonstrating is which of the following?
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Respiratory Acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a high PCO2, which is not the case here.
Choice B reason: Respiratory Alkalosis would involve a high pH and a low PCO2, which is not consistent with the patient's PCO2 level.
Choice C reason: Metabolic Alkalosis is indicated by a high pH and a high HCO3, which matches the patient's blood gas values.
Choice D reason: Metabolic Acidosis would show a low pH and a low HCO3, which is the opposite of this patient's presentation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Stopping the transfusion immediately is the first and most critical action in response to signs of a possible transfusion reaction, which can be life-threatening.
Choice B reason: While informing the provider is a necessary step, it should come after stopping the transfusion to prevent further harm to the patient.
Choice C reason: Calling the lab is an appropriate action but not the first priority. The immediate concern is the patient's safety.
Choice D reason: Obtaining a urine specimen may be part of the diagnostic process for a transfusion reaction, but it is not the first action to take.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Stroke Volume refers to the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction, not to the regulation of fluid volume and cardiac output.
Choice B reason: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) is responsible for vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and water reabsorption, which helps to increase circulating fluid volume and cardiac output.
Choice C reason: Brain and Atrial natriuretic peptides (BNP & ANP) actually work to decrease blood volume and pressure, not increase them.
Choice D reason: Erythropoietin primarily stimulates red blood cell production and does not directly affect fluid volume or cardiac output.
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