A pediatric nurse is explaining Erickson's stages to a nursing student. Which of the following behaviors would indicate a four-year-old has successfully mastered the initiative vs guilt stage?
Demonstrating a strong fear of making mistakes and avoiding new tasks
Frequently seeking approval from adults before engaging in any activity
Preferring to play alone rather than with other children
Initiating make-believe play with peers and creating imaginative scenarios
The Correct Answer is D
A. A strong fear of making mistakes suggests a child may be experiencing guilt rather than initiative.
B. While seeking approval is important, excessive reliance on adult validation can indicate guilt and fear of taking initiative.
C. Preferring solitary play at this age may suggest difficulty with social interactions and a lack of initiative, which is typical for this developmental stage.
D. A four-year-old who initiates make-believe play and engages in imaginative scenarios demonstrates a healthy sense of initiative, which is a hallmark of successfully mastering the initiative vs guilt stage.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The 20th percentile does not indicate that the child’s growth is below normal limits. It simply means that the child is smaller than 80% of peers but still within a healthy range.
B. Growth charts are standardized and account for various ethnicities. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
C. A child whose height and weight fall within the 20th percentile is still within normal limits, as healthy growth can range from the 5th to 95th percentile.
D. Growth charts can be used even on single measurements to assess whether a child is tracking along a normal growth curve, though more frequent measurements give a better picture over time.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Respiratory distress is a concern in infancy, but it is not the leading cause of death.
B. Congenital anomalies are the leading cause of death in infants, accounting for a significant proportion of infant mortality in developed countries.
C. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of death in infants but ranks behind congenital anomalies.
D. Low birth weight can contribute to infant mortality but is not the leading direct cause of death.
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