A pediatric nurse is explaining Erickson's stages to a nursing student. Which of the following behaviors would indicate a four-year-old has successfully mastered the initiative vs guilt stage?
Demonstrating a strong fear of making mistakes and avoiding new tasks
Frequently seeking approval from adults before engaging in any activity
Preferring to play alone rather than with other children
Initiating make-believe play with peers and creating imaginative scenarios
The Correct Answer is D
A. A strong fear of making mistakes suggests a child may be experiencing guilt rather than initiative.
B. While seeking approval is important, excessive reliance on adult validation can indicate guilt and fear of taking initiative.
C. Preferring solitary play at this age may suggest difficulty with social interactions and a lack of initiative, which is typical for this developmental stage.
D. A four-year-old who initiates make-believe play and engages in imaginative scenarios demonstrates a healthy sense of initiative, which is a hallmark of successfully mastering the initiative vs guilt stage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Engaging the child in art therapy may provide a distraction, but it does not directly address the child's emotional needs at that moment.
B. Providing a favorite toy or comfort object helps the toddler feel secure and comforted, alleviating anxiety and fear from parental absence.
C. Explaining when the parents will return may not be effective since toddlers have difficulty understanding time concepts, which might not alleviate their distress.
D. Encouraging imaginative play could distract the child, but it may not provide the immediate comfort needed to address their feelings of withdrawal and sadness.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. By preschool age, children are expected to follow more complex, multi-step directions, not just one-step instructions.
B. Recognizing oneself in the mirror is an earlier milestone, typically occurring by 18 months.
C. Collecting items like cards or toys is more common in school-aged children, not preschoolers.
D. Associative play, where children interact and play with each other in a shared activity, is typical for preschoolers and reflects social development.
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