A person wishes to reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease. This person has normal lipid panel. What risk factor reduction would the healthcare professional advise for this person?
Controlling the blood pressure
Moderate alcohol use
Eating a low fat diet
Avoiding air pollution
The Correct Answer is A
A. Controlling the blood pressure: Controlling blood pressure is crucial for reducing the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Even with a normal lipid panel, hypertension can significantly contribute to cardiovascular risk, and managing blood pressure helps protect against the development of CAD.
B. Moderate alcohol use: While moderate alcohol consumption may have some potential benefits for heart health, it is not a primary risk factor reduction strategy. The focus should be on more impactful lifestyle changes, particularly for individuals with normal lipid levels.
C. Eating a low-fat diet: Although a balanced diet is important for overall health, a low-fat diet specifically is not necessary for everyone, especially those with normal lipid levels. The emphasis should be on a heart-healthy diet that includes healthy fats, such as those from fish, nuts, and olive oil, rather than simply reducing fat intake.
D. Avoiding air pollution: Avoiding air pollution can have health benefits, but it is not a primary strategy for individuals seeking to reduce the risk of CAD. Addressing more direct risk factors, such as blood pressure management, is more critical in this context.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Jugular vein distention: Pulmonary hypertension increases right ventricular afterload, leading to right heart failure. As the right ventricle struggles to pump against elevated pulmonary pressures, blood backs up into the systemic circulation, causing jugular vein distention (JVD).
B. Peripheral edema: Right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension leads to venous congestion and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral edema. Swelling is commonly observed in the lower extremities due to increased venous hydrostatic pressure.
C. Ronchi bilaterally: Rhonchi are low-pitched breath sounds typically associated with airway obstruction due to secretions, commonly seen in conditions like chronic bronchitis or pneumonia. Pulmonary hypertension primarily affects the pulmonary vasculature rather than the airways, making rhonchi an unlikely manifestation.
D. Dyspnea on exertion: Pulmonary hypertension increases pressure in the pulmonary arteries, reducing oxygen exchange and causing exertional dyspnea. This symptom is often one of the earliest clinical manifestations as increased pulmonary vascular resistance impairs oxygen delivery.
E. Systemic blood pressure greater than 130/90 mm Hg: Pulmonary hypertension specifically affects the pulmonary circulation, not systemic arterial pressure. While pulmonary hypertension can eventually contribute to left heart dysfunction, it does not directly cause systemic hypertension.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, is not a typical clinical manifestation of pleural effusion with empyema. In fact, fever and infection usually lead to tachycardia (an increased heart rate) as the body attempts to respond to infection.
B. Pleural pain: Pleural pain is a common symptom associated with pleural effusion and empyema, resulting from irritation of the pleura due to inflammation or infection.
C. Cough: A cough can occur with pleural effusion and empyema, often as a response to irritation or pressure in the thoracic cavity. It may also be associated with underlying lung conditions contributing to the effusion.
D. Fever: Fever is a typical clinical manifestation of empyema, indicating an infectious process. The presence of infection in the pleural space often results in systemic signs of infection, such as fever.
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