Which of the following patients who presented to a walk-in medical clinic is most likely to be diagnosed wtih a rhinosinusitis rather than a common cold?
A woman presenting with malaise, lethargy, and copious nasal secretions
A man with a dry, stuffy nasopharynx, a sore throat, and temperature of 98.9°F
A man complaining of general fatigue, a headache, and facial pain with a temperature of 100.9°F
A woman complaining of generalized aches and who has a hoarse voice and reddened, painful upper airways
The Correct Answer is C
A. A woman presenting with malaise, lethargy, and copious nasal secretions: These symptoms are more indicative of a common cold or viral upper respiratory infection. While nasal secretions can occur in rhinosinusitis, the absence of facial pain or pressure suggests a cold rather than sinus involvement.
B. A man with a dry, stuffy nasopharynx, a sore throat, and temperature of 98.9°F: This presentation is typical of a common cold or upper respiratory infection. The symptoms of a dry, stuffy nasopharynx and sore throat are not specifically indicative of rhinosinusitis, which usually involves more pronounced nasal and facial symptoms.
C. A man complaining of general fatigue, a headache, and facial pain with a temperature of 100.9°F: This combination of symptoms strongly suggests rhinosinusitis. The presence of facial pain, headache, and fever indicates inflammation and infection of the sinuses, which is characteristic of rhinosinusitis rather than a common cold.
D. A woman complaining of generalized aches and who has a hoarse voice and reddened, painful upper airways: These symptoms align more closely with a viral upper respiratory infection or laryngitis. The absence of specific sinus-related symptoms such as facial pain or nasal obstruction makes rhinosinusitis less likely in this case.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chest pain: While chest pain can occur in various pulmonary diseases, it is not as universally common or characteristic as cough. Chest pain may be more indicative of specific conditions rather than a broad symptom associated with pulmonary disease.
B. Cough: Cough is one of the most common symptoms associated with pulmonary disease, often occurring in conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and bronchitis. It serves as a protective reflex to clear airways and is frequently reported by patients with pulmonary issues.
C. Hemoptysis: Hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, can be a significant symptom in certain pulmonary conditions (e.g., lung cancer, pulmonary embolism), but it is not as common across all pulmonary diseases. It is typically more specific to particular conditions.
D. Digit clubbing: Digit clubbing is a physical finding associated with chronic pulmonary diseases, particularly those that cause long-term hypoxia (e.g., cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease). However, it is less common than cough and typically develops over time rather than being a frequent presenting symptom.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Vernelli's triad; Venous stasis; Hypercoagulable states; Venous intimal damage: Vernelli's triad is not a recognized term in thrombus formation. Venous stasis, hypercoagulable states, and venous intimal damage are relevant factors, but the correct terminology is Virchow's triad.
B. Vernelli's triad: Hyperlipidemia; hypercoagulable states, venous stasis: This option inaccurately references Vernelli's triad and includes hyperlipidemia, which is not one of the classic factors associated with thrombus formation. The correct factors should be named according to Virchow's triad.
C. Virchow's triad; Hyperlipidemia, Hypercoagulable states, positive D-dimer: Although Virchow's triad is correctly identified, hyperlipidemia and positive D-dimer are not part of the classic factors involved in thrombus formation. The classic factors are venous stasis, hypercoagulable states, and venous intimal damage.
D. Virchow triad; Venous stasis; Venous intimal damage; Hypercoagulable states: This option accurately identifies Virchow's triad and lists the three key factors involved in thrombus formation: venous stasis, venous intimal damage, and hypercoagulable states.
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