A pH of 7.5 is defined as:
Acidosis
Alkalemia
Acidemia
Alkalosis
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Acidosis refers to a condition in which there is an excess of acid in the body, leading to a lower-than-normal pH. Typically, this means a pH level below 7.35. Acidosis can result from either an accumulation of acids or a loss of bicarbonate and can be classified into two types: metabolic and respiratory acidosis. This condition is the opposite of alkalosis.
Choice B reason: Alkalemia is a condition where the blood pH is higher than normal, indicating alkalinity. Alkalemia itself is not the correct term for the process or state but rather describes the elevated pH found in the blood. Alkalemia is typically diagnosed when blood pH exceeds 7.45, and it is indicative of the underlying process of alkalosis.
Choice C reason: Acidemia is characterized by an increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, leading to a lower-than-normal pH (below 7.35). Similar to acidosis, acidemia results from either an increase in acid production or a decrease in bicarbonate levels. It reflects the actual state of the blood pH rather than the process leading to the condition.
Choice D reason: Alkalosis refers to a condition where the body fluids have excess base (alkali) or a loss of acid, causing the pH to rise above the normal range. A pH of 7.5 falls into the category of alkalosis since it is above the normal pH range of 7.35-7.45. Alkalosis can be caused by factors such as excessive intake of alkaline substances, prolonged vomiting, or hyperventilation. It is essential to distinguish between the process (alkalosis) and the blood condition (alkalemia) to understand the physiological changes accurately.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth. It is not typically associated with Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketoic (HHNK) Syndrome, which is a specific complication of type 2 diabetes.
Choice B reason: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels. HHNK is a serious acute complication of type 2 diabetes, occurring when blood glucose levels become extremely high, leading to severe dehydration and hyperosmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
Choice C reason: While both type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve issues with blood glucose regulation, HHNK is specifically associated with type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes complications more commonly include Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), rather than HHNK.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels. However, the primary acute complication of type 1 diabetes is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), not HHNK. HHNK is distinct to type 2 diabetes, where insulin resistance leads to extremely high blood glucose levels and severe dehydration.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The neck is the most common site where individuals with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) present with nontender enlarged lymph nodes. These lymph nodes are typically firm and rubbery in texture. The cervical lymph nodes are often affected first in HL, making the neck a primary area of concern for this type of lymphoma. Early detection and biopsy of these lymph nodes can help in diagnosing HL.
Choice B reason: While the abdomen can be involved in Hodgkin Lymphoma, it is not the most common initial presentation site. Involvement of the abdominal lymph nodes typically occurs at later stages of the disease. Enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen can be detected through imaging studies but are less accessible for physical examination compared to those in the neck.
Choice C reason: The kidney is not a typical site for lymph node involvement in Hodgkin Lymphoma. HL primarily affects the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues. Direct involvement of the kidney is rare and usually occurs in advanced stages of the disease.
Choice D reason: The spleen is a lymphoid organ that can be involved in Hodgkin Lymphoma, especially in more advanced stages. However, it is not the primary site where nontender enlarged lymph nodes are first detected. Enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) can occur due to the spread of HL, but the initial presentation is usually in the lymph nodes of the neck.
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