A placenta previa in which the placental edge just reaches the internal os is more commonly known as:

Choice A reason: Eating five small meals daily can help reduce heartburn in pregnancy by preventing overeating and reducing the pressure on the stomach from the growing uterus. It can also help maintain a steady blood glucose level and prevent nausea and vomiting.

Choice B reason: Lying down after each meal can worsen heartburn in pregnancy by allowing the stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus. It can also cause breathing difficulties and increase the risk of aspiration. The woman should avoid lying down for at least two hours after eating and elevate her head and chest when sleeping.

Choice C reason: Reducing the amount of fiber she consumes can cause constipation and hemorrhoids in pregnancy, which can increase the discomfort and pain. Fiber is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system and preventing gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. The woman should consume at least 25 grams of fiber per day from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, and nuts.

Choice D reason: Substituting other calcium sources for milk in her diet can deprive the woman and the baby of essential nutrients, such as protein, vitamin D, and riboflavin. Milk is not a common cause of heartburn in pregnancy, unless the woman is lactose intolerant or allergic to dairy products. The woman should consume at least three servings of dairy products per day or take calcium supplements as prescribed.

Choice A reason: Syphilis is a bacterial STI caused by Treponema pallidum. It is characterized by three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary. It can cause serious complications such as neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis, and congenital syphilis. However, it is not the most common bacterial STI.

Choice B reason: Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. It is not a STI, but rather an opportunistic infection that can affect the vagina, mouth, skin, or other mucous membranes. It can cause symptoms such as itching, burning, discharge, and inflammation.

Choice C reason: Gonorrhea is a bacterial STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect the urethra, cervix, rectum, throat, or eyes. It can cause symptoms such as dysuria, discharge, pelvic pain, and bleeding. It can also lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, infertility, and disseminated gonococcal infection. However, it is not the most common bacterial STI.

Choice D reason: Chlamydia is a bacterial STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the most common bacterial STI, affecting about 2.86 million people in the United States in 2018. It can infect the urethra, cervix, rectum, throat, or eyes. It can cause symptoms such as dysuria, discharge, pelvic pain, and bleeding. It can also lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy.