A practical nurse assists in caring for a client in labor and would like to provide an environment that will help decrease the client's pain.
Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select All that Apply.)
Calm in the client's room.
Maintain privacy.
Effective communication.
Continuity of care.
Making choices for the client.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
Choice A rationale
A calm environment in the client's room reduces sensory overstimulation and promotes relaxation. This physiological state minimizes sympathetic nervous system activation, thereby reducing the perception of pain and allowing the client to better cope with labor contractions through a less intense physiological response.
Choice B rationale
Maintaining privacy during labor provides the client with a sense of security and control, which can reduce anxiety and stress. Reduced anxiety can modulate pain perception by decreasing the release of stress hormones, allowing the client to focus on coping mechanisms and relaxation techniques.
Choice C rationale
Effective communication involves clear, empathetic, and supportive dialogue. This fosters trust and provides reassurance, which can significantly lower a client's anxiety levels. Reduced anxiety decreases sympathetic nervous system activation, thereby diminishing the physiological perception of pain and enhancing coping abilities.
Choice D rationale
Continuity of care, where the client interacts with familiar caregivers, builds rapport and trust. This consistent support reduces anxiety and allows the client to feel more comfortable and secure. Lower stress levels minimize the release of pain-potentiating neurochemicals, thereby decreasing the subjective experience of pain during labor.
Choice E rationale
Making choices for the client removes their autonomy and can increase feelings of helplessness and anxiety. This can heighten the perception of pain by activating the sympathetic nervous system and stress responses, counteracting efforts to create a supportive and pain-reducing environment during labor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Prolonged immobilization alone is not the primary treatment for osteosarcoma. While immobilization may be used temporarily for symptom management or post-surgically, it does not address the underlying malignant tumor, which requires definitive intervention to prevent local progression and systemic metastasis.
Choice B rationale
Chemotherapy alone is typically used as an adjunct to primary surgical treatment for osteosarcoma, not as the sole primary treatment. While it plays a crucial role in eradicating micrometastases and improving overall survival rates, it is insufficient to cure the primary tumor without surgical resection.
Choice C rationale
Radiation therapy is generally less effective than surgery for primary osteosarcoma because the tumor cells are often radioresistant. While it may be used in specific situations, such as for palliative care or when surgical resection is not feasible, it is not the primary curative treatment.
Choice D rationale
Removal of the bone or limb, often through surgical resection or amputation, is the primary treatment for osteosarcoma. This approach aims to achieve complete macroscopic tumor removal, which is crucial for preventing local recurrence and maximizing the chances of long-term disease-free survival.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Low potassium (hypokalemia) and ECG rhythm changes, such as QT prolongation or arrhythmias, are critical and life-threatening complications of bulimia nervosa due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances from purging behaviors. Hypokalemia can directly impair cardiac function, necessitating immediate medical intervention to prevent fatal arrhythmias.
Choice B rationale
Erosion of dental enamel and constant vomiting are chronic manifestations of bulimia nervosa. While they indicate ongoing disordered eating and require dental intervention, they are not acutely life-threatening and do not represent the same level of immediate physiological instability as severe electrolyte imbalances affecting cardiac function.
Choice C rationale
Menstrual irregularities, including amenorrhea, are common in individuals with bulimia nervosa due to hormonal disruptions from malnutrition and stress. While indicative of chronic health impact, they are not an immediate life-threatening concern requiring emergency intervention compared to acute cardiac complications.
Choice D rationale
Calluses on knuckles (Russell's sign) and skin breakdown are physical signs of repeated self-induced vomiting. These are chronic cutaneous manifestations reflecting the mechanical trauma from purging. While they require attention, they are not acute physiological emergencies demanding immediate intervention.
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