A pregnant client at 28 weeks gestation reports experiencing leg discomfort and noticing bulging veins in her legs. The nurse explains that varicose veins are common during pregnancy. What is the primary physiological change during pregnancy that contributes to the development of varicose veins?
Reduced cardiac output
Dehydration leading to poor circulation
Decreased progesterone levels
Increased blood volume
The Correct Answer is D
A. Reduced cardiac output: Cardiac output actually increases during pregnancy to meet the demands of the growing fetus. A reduction in cardiac output would not be typical in a healthy pregnancy and is not a contributing factor to varicose veins.
B. Dehydration leading to poor circulation: Dehydration may affect overall vascular health but is not a primary cause of varicose veins in pregnancy. Varicosities are more directly related to mechanical and volume changes rather than fluid intake status.
C. Decreased progesterone levels: Progesterone levels rise during pregnancy and contribute to venous dilation by relaxing vessel walls. A decrease in progesterone would not support the formation of varicosities and is not physiologically consistent with pregnancy.
D. Increased blood volume: Pregnancy causes a 40–50% increase in blood volume, which raises venous pressure, especially in the lower extremities. Combined with uterine pressure on pelvic veins, this leads to vein distension and varicose vein formation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The client requires a rubella vaccination at this time: Rubella is a live attenuated virus vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy. Administering it during gestation poses a risk of congenital rubella syndrome. The client must wait until after delivery for vaccination. Therefore, immunization now is inappropriate and unsafe.
B. The client requires a rubella immunization following delivery: A negative rubella titer indicates that the client is not immune to rubella and is at risk for infection. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious fetal anomalies. The vaccine should be administered postpartum before discharge. This ensures immunity for future pregnancies.
C. The client is immune to the rubella virus: Immunity is confirmed by a positive rubella titer, not a negative one. A negative result shows susceptibility and lack of protective antibodies. Therefore, this interpretation is incorrect. The client is not immune and needs vaccination after delivery.
D. The client is not experiencing a rubella infection at this time: While a negative titer may imply no current infection, it primarily reflects a lack of immunity. It does not provide diagnostic information about active or recent infection. The main concern here is the absence of antibodies. Thus, this choice misinterprets the titer result.
Correct Answer is ["100"]
Explanation
Answer: 100 gtt/min
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (Total volume per hour (mL/hr) × Drop factor (gtt/mL)) / Time in minutes (min/hr)
Given:
Total volume per hour = 100 mL/hr
Drop factor = 60 gtt/mL
Time in minutes = 60 min/hr
Apply the formula:
Flow rate (gtt/min) = (100 mL/hr × 60 gtt/mL) / 60 min/hr
= 6000 gtt/hr / 60 min/hr
= 100 gtt/min
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