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A prenatal nurse is providing instructions to a group of pregnant clients regarding measures to prevent toxoplasmosis.
Which statement, if made by one of the clients, indicates a need for further instructions?

A.

I need to cook meat thoroughly.

B.

I need to drink unpasteurized milk only.

C.

I need to avoid contact with materials that are possibly contaminated with cat feces.

D.

I need to avoid touching mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes while handling raw meat.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Thoroughly cooking meat to an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) kills the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, thus preventing transmission through ingestion of contaminated meat. This is a crucial preventive measure recommended for pregnant women.

Choice B rationale

Drinking unpasteurized milk poses a risk of toxoplasmosis, as well as other foodborne illnesses like listeriosis and brucellosis. Pasteurization is a process that heats milk to a specific temperature for a set time, killing harmful bacteria and parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further instruction, as pregnant women should consume only pasteurized dairy products.

Choice C rationale

Cat feces can contain oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii, which can become infectious after a period of sporulation. Avoiding contact with materials possibly contaminated with cat feces, such as litter boxes and garden soil, is an important measure to prevent toxoplasmosis.

Choice D rationale

Handling raw meat can expose a person to Toxoplasma gondii cysts. Avoiding touching mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes after handling raw meat and washing hands thoroughly reduces the risk of self-inoculation with the parasite.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain in a patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), now known as gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, are classic signs of worsening disease and indicate central nervous system irritability and potential hepatic involvement. These symptoms suggest the condition is progressing towards severe preeclampsia and increase the risk of eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures.

Choice B rationale

Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in severe preeclampsia. While it can cause side effects such as flushing, warmth, and muscle weakness, it does not typically cause pounding headache, visual changes, or epigastric pain. These symptoms are more indicative of the underlying disease process rather than the treatment.

Choice C rationale

Anxiety due to hospitalization can cause various symptoms, but the specific combination of pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain is more strongly associated with the physiological changes occurring in worsening preeclampsia rather than solely psychological distress.

Choice D rationale

Gastrointestinal upset can cause epigastric pain, but it would not typically be accompanied by pounding headache and visual changes in the context of pregnancy-induced hypertension. The constellation of these symptoms strongly points towards a worsening of the hypertensive condition and potential end-organ involvement. .

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Rationales for Each Condition

Molar Pregnancy

  1. Abdominal Pain: In a molar pregnancy, the uterus enlarges disproportionately due to abnormal trophoblastic growth. This excessive expansion can cause discomfort or mild cramping.
  2. Blood Pressure: Molar pregnancies can be associated with gestational trophoblastic disease, which may lead to preeclampsia-like symptoms. However, this client’s blood pressure is currently within normal limits (120/78 mm Hg), so severe hypertension has not yet developed.
  3. Ultrasound Findings: The presence of grape-like vesicles within the uterus and the absence of a fetal heartbeat are hallmark findings of a molar pregnancy, indicating abnormal placental tissue proliferation.
  4. Perineal Pad Findings: The passage of small clear vesicles is a characteristic feature of a molar pregnancy, distinguishing it from other causes of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy.

Ectopic Pregnancy

  1. Abdominal Pain: Ectopic pregnancies often cause sharp lower abdominal pain due to tubal rupture or irritation. However, in this case, the client’s pain is mild and less suggestive of tubal rupture.
  2. Blood Pressure: If an ectopic pregnancy ruptures, hypotension due to internal bleeding would be expected. Since the client’s blood pressure is normal, this finding does not support an ectopic pregnancy.
  3. Ultrasound Findings: The absence of a fetal heartbeat and vesicular structures inside the uterus make ectopic pregnancy unlikely, as ectopic pregnancies typically occur in the fallopian tube.
  4. Perineal Pad Findings: Ectopic pregnancies rarely cause the passage of vesicular tissue, further suggesting that this is not an ectopic pregnancy.

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