A public health nurse found that out of the 70 people who ate the potato salad at a school picnic, 63 developed symptoms of food poisoning. Which of the following best describes this disease spectrum?
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Polidemic
The Correct Answer is B
A. Endemic: An endemic disease is one that is consistently present in a population at expected levels, such as malaria in some tropical regions. Food poisoning outbreaks are not endemic.
B. Epidemic: An epidemic occurs when there is a sudden increase in cases of a disease within a specific population, as seen in this outbreak of food poisoning among picnic attendees.
C. Pandemic: A pandemic affects multiple countries or continents, which does not apply to this localized outbreak.
D. Polidemic: The term "polidemic" is not commonly used in epidemiology; the correct term for a localized outbreak is "epidemic."
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke): Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and stroke, are the leading causes of death globally. These diseases account for over 70% of deaths worldwide.
B. Terrorism: While terrorism causes loss of life, it does not account for nearly as many deaths as chronic diseases.
C. Infectious diseases: Infectious diseases remain a major concern, especially in developing nations, but chronic diseases surpass them as the leading cause of death.
D. Injuries (accidental or purposeful): Injuries contribute to mortality but are not the leading cause of death worldwide.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A client receives a tetanus booster every 10 years: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease before it occurs. Vaccinations are a classic primary prevention measure.
B. A client with tetanus is given antibiotics and is placed on seizure precautions: This is tertiary prevention, as it focuses on managing an existing disease.
C. A client receives tetanus immunoglobulin after stepping on a nail: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a secondary prevention strategy because it prevents disease progression after exposure.
D. A client is screened for a tetanus infection: Screening is secondary prevention, as it focuses on early detection, not prevention.
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