A public health nurse found that out of the 70 people who ate the potato salad at a school picnic, 63 developed symptoms of food poisoning. Which of the following best describes this disease spectrum?
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Polidemic
The Correct Answer is B
A. Endemic: An endemic disease is one that is consistently present in a population at expected levels, such as malaria in some tropical regions. Food poisoning outbreaks are not endemic.
B. Epidemic: An epidemic occurs when there is a sudden increase in cases of a disease within a specific population, as seen in this outbreak of food poisoning among picnic attendees.
C. Pandemic: A pandemic affects multiple countries or continents, which does not apply to this localized outbreak.
D. Polidemic: The term "polidemic" is not commonly used in epidemiology; the correct term for a localized outbreak is "epidemic."
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Salmonella is a bacterial infection." Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium that causes foodborne illness.
B. "Salmonella symptoms include headaches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fever." These are common symptoms of Salmonella infection, particularly gastroenteritis.
C. "Salmonella may be spread by spores that form once contaminated blood is exposed to the air." Salmonella is a bacterial infection that spreads primarily through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected animals. It does not form spores, and exposure to air does not play a role in its transmission.
D. "Salmonella has a 48-hour incubation period." While the incubation period can range from 6 to 72 hours, 48 hours falls within the expected time frame.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Having unprotected sex with someone who is infected spreads HIV." HIV is commonly transmitted through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.
B. "I wouldn't sit next to someone with HIV." HIV is not transmitted through casual contact, such as sitting next to someone, hugging, or sharing food. This response reflects a misunderstanding and indicates a need for more education.
C. "Transfusions of blood products that are contaminated can spread HIV." Although rare in developed countries due to blood screening, contaminated blood transfusions can transmit HIV.
D. "Sharing needles when shooting up drugs spreads HIV." Sharing contaminated needles is a major risk factor for HIV transmission.
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