Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention?

Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners.

Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray.

Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza.

Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners. This is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease transmission before it occurs.

B. Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray. Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening to identify disease in its early stages before symptoms develop or to prevent progression. TB screening (skin tests or chest X-rays) allows for early identification and treatment, preventing further transmission and severe disease.

C. Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza. This is also primary prevention because vaccinations help prevent initial infection.

D. Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response. This represents tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing existing disease to prevent complications.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them." This dismisses the patient's financial hardship and does not offer assistance or alternatives.

B. "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete." Nurses should not arbitrarily stop medications. Only a healthcare provider (e.g., physician, pharmacist) should determine if any medications can be discontinued or adjusted.

C. "You can get these medicines at a clinic for free." This is misleading because not all clinics offer free medications. The nurse should verify available programs before making such a statement.

D. "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications." This response provides a realistic solution by exploring financial assistance options, such as Medicare Part D, Medicaid, or other drug assistance programs.

A. Answering parents’ questions about the safety and importance of vaccines today B. Offering all immunizations to all children for a small fee C. Educational campaigns to all health care providers about the importance of immunizations whenever a child is seen D. "No shots, no school" legislation, which legally requires children be immunized before school

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Answering parents' questions about the safety and importance of vaccines today: While educating parents is essential, it relies on voluntary compliance and does not have the same large-scale impact as mandatory immunization laws.

B. Offering all immunizations to all children for a small fee: Improving vaccine access is important but does not guarantee that parents will vaccinate their children.

C. Educational campaigns to all health care providers about the importance of immunizations whenever a child is seen: While provider education is valuable, it does not enforce vaccinations on a broad population level like school-entry laws do.

D. "No shots, no school" legislation, which legally requires children be immunized before school: School immunization mandates have played a significant role in increasing vaccination rates and reducing outbreaks of preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, and pertussis. These laws ensure high vaccine compliance before children enter school, making them one of the most effective public health measures.

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Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention?

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