Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention?
Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners.
Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray.
Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza.
Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners. This is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent disease transmission before it occurs.
B. Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray. Secondary prevention involves early detection and screening to identify disease in its early stages before symptoms develop or to prevent progression. TB screening (skin tests or chest X-rays) allows for early identification and treatment, preventing further transmission and severe disease.
C. Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza. This is also primary prevention because vaccinations help prevent initial infection.
D. Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response. This represents tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing existing disease to prevent complications.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them." This dismisses the patient's financial hardship and does not offer assistance or alternatives.
B. "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete." Nurses should not arbitrarily stop medications. Only a healthcare provider (e.g., physician, pharmacist) should determine if any medications can be discontinued or adjusted.
C. "You can get these medicines at a clinic for free." This is misleading because not all clinics offer free medications. The nurse should verify available programs before making such a statement.
D. "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications." This response provides a realistic solution by exploring financial assistance options, such as Medicare Part D, Medicaid, or other drug assistance programs.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Abstinence is the only way to be certain you are HIV free: While abstinence eliminates the risk, it is not the only preventive measure. Safer sex practices, such as condom use and PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis), can significantly reduce the risk of HIV.
B. The test would not cover any recent infection, so if the client has had recent unprotected sex, the test should be repeated in 3 months. HIV has a "window period" during which recent infections may not yet be detectable. Retesting in 3 months ensures accuracy and proper diagnosis.
C. The test could be wrong and the client might still have an HIV infection: Modern HIV tests are highly accurate, but recent infections may not be detected. Instead of causing unnecessary distress, the focus should be on retesting after the window period.
D. Sex should be restricted to one partner: Monogamy does not guarantee HIV prevention unless both partners are tested and remain faithful. The emphasis should be on safe sex practices.
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