A state of being in which a person feels a psychological and/or physical need to use a substance in order to experience its effects and/or to avoid the unpleasant effects of its absence is:
co-dependency
detoxification
withdrawal
dependence
The Correct Answer is D
A. co-dependency
This refers to maladaptive emotional or behavioral relationships, often enabling someone else's addiction-not the actual need for a substance.
B. detoxification
This is the process of eliminating a substance from the body, not a description of the state of needing it.
C. withdrawal
Withdrawal is the physical and psychological symptoms experienced after stopping a substance, not the ongoing need to continue using.
D. dependence
Dependence refers to the compulsion to use a substance to achieve effects or avoid withdrawal, and can be physical, psychological, or both.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. early stage: Characterized by increasing tolerance, occasional overuse, and secretive behavior-not withdrawal symptoms.
B. middle stage: The user begins to lose control, experience guilt, and may show signs of dependence, but withdrawal is not yet severe.
C. prodromal stage: This term is not typically used in addiction staging; may be a distractor.
D. late stage: This stage involves severe physical deterioration, psychological dependence, and clear withdrawal symptoms if use is stopped.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. no regular use
This fits more with the early or experimental stage, not middle.
B. exceed moderate levels; notice a tolerance effect
The middle stage is defined by increased consumption, developing tolerance, and the beginning of physical or psychosocial impacts.
C. occasional social use
Again, this is more consistent with the early stage of substance use.
D. continuous use; unable to function without the substance
This describes the late stage, where the person is likely physically dependent and showing serious impairment.
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