A student nurse asks what "primary hypertension" is. What response by the registered nurse is best?

"It is hypertension with no specific cause."

"It means it is essential that it be treated."

"It means it is caused by another disease."

"It refers to severe and life-threatening hypertension.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is characterized by high blood pressure that does not have a known secondary cause. It accounts for the majority of hypertension cases and is thought to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
B.   While treatment is important for all forms of hypertension to prevent complications, this statement is somewhat misleading. The term "essential" in primary hypertension refers to the lack of a specific identifiable cause, not that it is necessarily more critical to treat than other forms of hypertension.
C.   This definition describes secondary hypertension, not primary hypertension. Secondary hypertension results from an identifiable underlying condition, such as kidney disease or hormonal disorders.
D.   Primary hypertension can vary in severity, but it is not exclusively severe or life-threatening. While uncontrolled hypertension can lead to serious complications, primary hypertension itself does not automatically imply a critical state.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Rhinitis, or nasal inflammation, can occur in various respiratory infections but is not a primary symptom of bacterial pneumonia. While some children with pneumonia may have nasal congestion or a runny nose, it is not a defining characteristic of pneumonia.
B. Hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, is not a common symptom of bacterial pneumonia, especially in children. While it can occur in severe cases or specific types of pneumonia, it is not typically expected during the initial assessment of bacterial pneumonia in pediatric patients.
C. A high fever is a common and expected symptom in children with bacterial pneumonia. The body’s response to the infection often includes elevated temperatures, and fever is one of the key signs that healthcare providers look for when diagnosing pneumonia.
D. Constipation is not a symptom associated with bacterial pneumonia. While general illness can affect bowel habits, constipation is not typically seen in patients with pneumonia. The focus of the assessment would be on respiratory symptoms rather than gastrointestinal issues.

A. Altered mental status and dehydration B. Hemoptysis and dyspnea C. Pleuritic chest pain and hypertension D. Fever and chills

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While altered mental status can occur in older adults with pneumonia, especially due to hypoxia or infection, it is often a result of more advanced disease or complications rather than an early symptom. Dehydration can also occur but is not a direct symptom of pneumonia.
B. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is not a common early symptom of pneumonia, especially in older adults. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) may occur, but it generally arises as the pneumonia worsens. These symptoms might not be the first to present.
C. Pleuritic chest pain (pain upon breathing) can be associated with pneumonia but is not necessarily an early symptom, especially in the elderly. Hypertension may be present but is not a hallmark of pneumonia and can vary widely among patients.
D. Fever and chills are common initial symptoms of pneumonia and are part of the body’s response to infection. In elderly patients, fever may sometimes be less pronounced or atypical, but it is still one of the first signs of pneumonia.

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A student nurse asks what "primary hypertension" is. What response by the registered nurse is best?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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