A student nurse is working with their preceptor on a medical-surgical unit. While reviewing concepts related to acid-base balance, what should the preceptor state is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

Kidney conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of hydrogen ions

Deep, rapid respirations to increase CO2 excretion

Respiratory hypoventilation to retain CO2 and kidney excretion of bicarbonate

Shifting of bicarbonate into cells in exchange for chloride

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Kidney conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of hydrogen ions: This option is not correct for metabolic alkalosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys would typically excrete bicarbonate rather than conserve it.
B. Deep, rapid respirations to increase CO2 excretion: This is incorrect because deep, rapid respirations are more associated with compensating for metabolic acidosis by increasing CO2 excretion. In metabolic alkalosis, the body attempts to retain CO2.
C. Respiratory hypoventilation to retain CO2 and kidney excretion of bicarbonate: This is the correct choice. In metabolic alkalosis, the body compensates by reducing respiration rate (hypoventilation) to retain CO2, which helps to counteract the elevated pH. Additionally, the kidneys may excrete bicarbonate to balance the pH.
D. Shifting of bicarbonate into cells in exchange for chloride: This mechanism is more related to respiratory alkalosis rather than metabolic alkalosis. In metabolic alkalosis, the primary compensatory mechanisms involve changes in respiratory rate and renal bicarbonate excretion.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Imitation of the lining of the stomach: This is not a common complication related to calcium supplementation or fluid intake.
B. Mobilization of calcium from bones: Drinking fluids does not affect the mobilization of calcium from bones; this is more related to bone health and calcium metabolism.
C. Developing kidney stones: Adequate fluid intake helps prevent kidney stones, which can form when there is excess calcium in the urine. High calcium levels can lead to stone formation if not properly managed with sufficient hydration.
D. Developing muscle cramps: While calcium plays a role in muscle function, fluid intake primarily helps with kidney function and preventing stone formation rather than directly preventing muscle cramps.

A. Administer 10% sodium chloride via rapid infusion B. Administer intranasal antidiuretic hormone C. Encourage oral fluid intake D. Place the client on seizure precautions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Administer 10% sodium chloride via rapid infusion: Rapid infusion of high concentrations of sodium chloride can be dangerous and is not the standard treatment for severe hyponatremia.
B. Administer intranasal antidiuretic hormone: This would not be appropriate for correcting severe hyponatremia and could potentially worsen the condition.
C. Encourage oral fluid intake: For severe hyponatremia, oral fluid intake might not be sufficient and could exacerbate the condition if there is fluid overload.
D. Place the client on seizure precautions: This is the correct choice. Severe hyponatremia (sodium < 120 mEq/L) can lead to neurological symptoms and seizures, so implementing seizure precautions is crucial for safety.

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A student nurse is working with their preceptor on a medical-surgical unit. While reviewing concepts related to acid-base balance, what should the preceptor state is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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