A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner (FNP). The child is wheezing and has prolonged expirations. The basic etiology of her signs and symptoms (S&S) includes:

use of accessory muscles for breathing.

bronchial-lining swelling that prevents ease of exhalation.

destruction of elastic recoil properties of the lungs.

difficulty with inhalation due to stiff alveoli that have filled with fluid.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Accessory muscle use is a response to respiratory distress, not the underlying cause of asthma symptoms.

B. Asthma causes inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining, which narrows the airways and makes it difficult to exhale air from the lungs, leading to prolonged expiration and wheezing.

C. Destruction of elastic recoil is associated with chronic lung conditions like emphysema, not asthma.

D. Stiff alveoli and fluid-filled lungs are more characteristic of restrictive lung diseases or pulmonary edema, not asthma.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Plaque rupture in coronary artery disease can expose the underlying tissue, leading to activation of the clotting cascade and thrombus formation. This can cause sudden worsening of symptoms due to reduced or obstructed blood flow in the coronary artery.

B. Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral arteries over time, which is a slow, compensatory process rather than an acute event leading to worsening symptoms.

C. Coronary veins are not typically obstructed in CAD; instead, coronary arteries are affected, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium.

D. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good cholesterol" and help clear arterial plaques, so they do not contribute to arterial rupture.

A. hypercalcemia; phosphate supplement. B. metabolic alkalosis; low protein diet. C. hypokalemia; diuretic medication. D. hypertension; antihypertensive medication.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Patients with CKD typically experience hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption and phosphate retention, not necessitating phosphate supplements.

B. Metabolic acidosis is more common in CKD due to the accumulation of acid waste products, and while a low protein diet may be advised, it is not specifically linked to metabolic alkalosis.

C. Patients with CKD often have hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion, rather than hypokalemia; diuretics can sometimes worsen this condition.

D. Hypertension is a common complication of CKD due to fluid overload, increased renin activity, and changes in vascular resistance; therefore, antihypertensive medication is often prescribed.

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A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner (FNP). The child is wheezing and has prolonged expirations. The basic etiology of her signs and symptoms (S&S) includes:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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