A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

hypercalcemia; phosphate supplement.

metabolic alkalosis; low protein diet.

hypokalemia; diuretic medication.

hypertension; antihypertensive medication.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Patients with CKD typically experience hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption and phosphate retention, not necessitating phosphate supplements.

B. Metabolic acidosis is more common in CKD due to the accumulation of acid waste products, and while a low protein diet may be advised, it is not specifically linked to metabolic alkalosis.

C. Patients with CKD often have hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion, rather than hypokalemia; diuretics can sometimes worsen this condition.

D. Hypertension is a common complication of CKD due to fluid overload, increased renin activity, and changes in vascular resistance; therefore, antihypertensive medication is often prescribed.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use is a response to respiratory distress, not the underlying cause of asthma symptoms.

B. Asthma causes inflammation and swelling of the bronchial lining, which narrows the airways and makes it difficult to exhale air from the lungs, leading to prolonged expiration and wheezing.

C. Destruction of elastic recoil is associated with chronic lung conditions like emphysema, not asthma.

D. Stiff alveoli and fluid-filled lungs are more characteristic of restrictive lung diseases or pulmonary edema, not asthma.

A. The uninjured lung will hyperinflate because of an increased respiratory rate. B. Affected lung collapses as more air is exhaled through the traumatic injury. C. Trapped air causes collapse of the lung and can reduce the cardiac output. D. More CO2 is retained because weakened alveoli blebs rupture.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While an increased respiratory rate may occur, it does not directly lead to hyperinflation of the uninjured lung due to tension pneumothorax.

B. In a tension pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space and does not exhale effectively; it is not about exhalation.

C. Trapped air in the pleural cavity increases pressure, collapsing the lung and pushing mediastinal structures (like the heart) to the opposite side, thereby reducing venous return and cardiac output.

D. Retained CO2 is not a direct cause of tension pneumothorax; the main issue is the pressure from trapped air affecting lung function and hemodynamics.

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A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A young girl with a history of asthma is brought to her family nurse practitioner (FNP). The child is wheezing and has prolonged expirations. The basic etiology of her signs and symptoms (S&S) includes:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Explanation

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