According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task of older adults?

Trust vs mistrust.

Generativity vs stagnation.

Ego integrity vs despair.

Identity vs role confusion.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is C.

Ego integrity vs despair.

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, older adults face the challenge of looking back on their lives and evaluating their accomplishments and failures.

If they feel satisfied with their life course, they achieve a sense of ego integrity, which is a feeling of wholeness and coherence.

If they feel regretful or dissatisfied, they experience despair, which is a sense of hopelessness and bitterness.

Choice A is wrong because trust vs mistrust is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in infancy.

It involves developing a basic sense of trust in oneself and others based on the quality of caregiving.

Choice B is wrong because generativity vs stagnation is the seventh stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in middle adulthood.

It involves contributing to society and the next generation through work, parenting, or other activities.

Choice D is wrong because identity vs role confusion is the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in adolescence.

It involves developing a stable and coherent sense of self and one’s role in society.

Normal ranges for Erikson’s stages are:.

• Trust vs mistrust: birth to 18 months.

• Autonomy vs shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years.

• Initiative vs guilt: 3 to 6 years.

• Industry vs inferiority: 6 to 12 years.

• Identity vs role confusion: 12 to 18 years.

• Intimacy vs isolation: 18 to 40 years.

• Generativity vs stagnation: 40 to 65 years.

• Ego integrity vs despair: 65 years and older.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B and D.

Here is why:.

• Following up with the primary care provider regularly can help detect and treat any medical conditions that may cause or contribute to delirium, such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects.

• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco use can prevent delirium caused by intoxication or withdrawal, as well as improve overall health and cognitive function.

• Engaging in physical and mental activities daily can help maintain brain health, prevent cognitive decline, and reduce stress and boredom that may trigger delirium.

Choice C is wrong because taking over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed can increase the risk of delirium, especially in older adults.Sleeping pills can cause confusion, drowsiness, memory impairment, and falls that may lead to delirium.Instead of sleeping pills, it is better to have good sleep habits such as uninterrupted sleep, avoiding caffeine and naps, and having a regular bedtime routine.

Choice E is wrong because wearing glasses and hearing aids if prescribed can help prevent delirium, not cause it.Sensory impairment such as poor vision and hearing can make a person more prone to delirium, as they may feel disoriented, isolated, or misunderstood.Wearing glasses and hearing aids can help improve communication, orientation, and awareness of surroundings.

Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.It usually comes on fast and can be caused by various factors such as fever, infection, surgery, medication, or emotional distress.

Delirium can often be prevented.

A. Orthostatic hypotension B. Urinary frequency. C. Visual impairment D. All of the above

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer isD.

All of the above.All of these findings are risk factors for falls in older adults, according to the literature.

Some explanations for why each choice is a risk factor are:.

A. Orthostatic hypotension: This is a condition where blood pressure drops too much when getting up from lying down or sitting, causing dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.This can affect balance and increase the chance of falling.

B. Urinary frequency: This is a condition where one needs to urinate often, sometimes urgently.This can cause rushed movement to the bathroom, especially at night, which can lead to tripping, slipping, or losing balance.

C. Visual impairment: This is a condition where one has reduced or distorted vision, such as due to cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy.This can affect depth perception, contrast sensitivity, and ability to detect obstacles or hazards in the environment.

Some normal ranges for these conditions are:.

• Orthostatic hypotension: A normal blood pressure change when standing up is less than 20 mmHg systolic (top number) or 10 mmHg diastolic (bottom number).

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop of at least 20 mmHg systolic or 10 mmHg diastolic within 3 minutes of standing.

• Urinary frequency: A normal urinary frequency is about 4 to 6 times per day, depending on fluid intake and other factors.

Urinary frequency is considered abnormal if it is more than 8 times per day or more than 2 times per night.

• Visual impairment: A normal visual acuity is 20/20 or better with or without correction.

Visual impairment is defined as a visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better-seeing eye with best correction possible.

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According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task of older adults?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has recovered from delirium and their family caregiver. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make to prevent recurrence of delirium? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing an older adult client who has a history of falls. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for falls in older adults?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is educating an older adult client who has depression about the benefits of physical activity and exercise. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who had a seizure disorder and is prescribed phenytoin (Dilantin). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has erectile dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus. The client asks the nurse what he can do to improve his sexual function. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?

The nurse is teaching an older adult client who has menopause about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The client asks about the benefits and risks of HRT. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

The nurse is assessing an older adult client who has osteoporosis and reports frequent falls. The nurse should ask the client about which of the following factors that could contribute to falls? (Select all that apply.).

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking oral hypoglycemic agents. The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?

A nurse is implementing interventions to improve the functional status of an older adult client who has diabetes and hypertension. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

A nurse is conducting a functional status assessment for an older adult client using the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) Scale. The nurse asks the client about his ability to use transportation. Which of the following questions is appropriate for this domain?