According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task of older adults?
Trust vs mistrust.
Generativity vs stagnation.
Ego integrity vs despair.
Identity vs role confusion.
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is C.
Ego integrity vs despair.
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, older adults face the challenge of looking back on their lives and evaluating their accomplishments and failures.
If they feel satisfied with their life course, they achieve a sense of ego integrity, which is a feeling of wholeness and coherence.
If they feel regretful or dissatisfied, they experience despair, which is a sense of hopelessness and bitterness.
Choice A is wrong because trust vs mistrust is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in infancy.
It involves developing a basic sense of trust in oneself and others based on the quality of caregiving.
Choice B is wrong because generativity vs stagnation is the seventh stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in middle adulthood.
It involves contributing to society and the next generation through work, parenting, or other activities.
Choice D is wrong because identity vs role confusion is the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in adolescence.
It involves developing a stable and coherent sense of self and one’s role in society.
Normal ranges for Erikson’s stages are:.
• Trust vs mistrust: birth to 18 months.
• Autonomy vs shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years.
• Initiative vs guilt: 3 to 6 years.
• Industry vs inferiority: 6 to 12 years.
• Identity vs role confusion: 12 to 18 years.
• Intimacy vs isolation: 18 to 40 years.
• Generativity vs stagnation: 40 to 65 years.
• Ego integrity vs despair: 65 years and older.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer isB.
Loss of muscle mass and strength.Sarcopenia is a condition that affects older adults and causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function.This can lead to an increased risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality.
Choice A is wrong because the loss of bone mass and strength is calledosteoporosis, not sarcopenia.Osteoporosis is a condition that affects the density and quality of bones, making them more prone to fracture.
Choice C is wrong because loss of joint flexibility and range of motion is calledarthritis, not sarcopenia.
Arthritis is a term that refers to inflammation of the joints, which can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.
Choice D is wrong because loss of skin elasticity and moisture is calledskin aging, not sarcopenia.
Skin aging is a process that involves changes in the structure and function of the skin, such as wrinkles, sagging, dryness, and decreased wound healing.
Normal ranges for muscle mass and strength vary depending on age, sex, body size, and physical activity level.However, some general indicators of sarcopenia include:.
• A muscle mass index (muscle mass divided by height squared) below 7.26 kg/m2 for men and 5.45 kg/m2 for women.
• A handgrip strength below 30 kg for men and 20 kg for women.
• A gait speed below 0.8 m/s for both sexes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
Check for bladder distention or fecal impaction.
Autonomic dysreflexia is a disorder of autonomic nervous system dysregulation that occurs in patients with a spinal cord injury above T6.
It is caused by an exaggerated reflex response of the sympathetic nervous system due to an irritating stimulus below the spinal cord injury.It leads to severe hypertension and is a medical emergency.
Bladder or bowel distension are the most common triggers of autonomic dysreflexia.
Therefore, the priority nursing intervention is to check for bladder distention or fecal impaction and relieve them as soon as possible.
This can help to eliminate the stimulus and lower the blood pressure.
Choice A is wrong because administering antihypertensive medication as prescribed may not be effective or appropriate for autonomic dysreflexia.
The hypertension is caused by a reflex mechanism and not by a primary cardiovascular disorder.Moreover, antihypertensive drugs may cause hypotension once the stimulus is removed.
Choice B is wrong because elevating the head of bed to 90 degrees may not be enough to lower the blood pressure.It may also increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension once the stimulus is removed.However, sitting the patient upright and loosening any tight clothing are recommended as initial steps to reduce the blood pressure.
Choice D is wrong because applying a cooling blanket to lower body temperature is not indicated for autonomic dysreflexia.There is no evidence that body temperature is elevated or contributes to the hypertension in this condition.A cooling blanket may also cause vasoconstriction and worsen the hypertension.
Normal ranges for blood pressure vary depending on age, sex, and other factors.
However, a general guideline is that systolic blood pressure should be less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure should be less than 80 mm Hg for most adults.
Normal ranges for heart rate also vary depending on age, activity level, and other factors.
However, a general guideline is that resting heart rate should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute for most adults.
References:.
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