According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task of older adults?
Trust vs mistrust.
Generativity vs stagnation.
Ego integrity vs despair.
Identity vs role confusion.
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is C.
Ego integrity vs despair.
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, older adults face the challenge of looking back on their lives and evaluating their accomplishments and failures.
If they feel satisfied with their life course, they achieve a sense of ego integrity, which is a feeling of wholeness and coherence.
If they feel regretful or dissatisfied, they experience despair, which is a sense of hopelessness and bitterness.
Choice A is wrong because trust vs mistrust is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in infancy.
It involves developing a basic sense of trust in oneself and others based on the quality of caregiving.
Choice B is wrong because generativity vs stagnation is the seventh stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in middle adulthood.
It involves contributing to society and the next generation through work, parenting, or other activities.
Choice D is wrong because identity vs role confusion is the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in adolescence.
It involves developing a stable and coherent sense of self and one’s role in society.
Normal ranges for Erikson’s stages are:.
• Trust vs mistrust: birth to 18 months.
• Autonomy vs shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years.
• Initiative vs guilt: 3 to 6 years.
• Industry vs inferiority: 6 to 12 years.
• Identity vs role confusion: 12 to 18 years.
• Intimacy vs isolation: 18 to 40 years.
• Generativity vs stagnation: 40 to 65 years.
• Ego integrity vs despair: 65 years and older.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer isB.
Loss of muscle mass and strength.Sarcopenia is a condition that affects older adults and causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function.This can lead to an increased risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality.
Choice A is wrong because the loss of bone mass and strength is calledosteoporosis, not sarcopenia.Osteoporosis is a condition that affects the density and quality of bones, making them more prone to fracture.
Choice C is wrong because loss of joint flexibility and range of motion is calledarthritis, not sarcopenia.
Arthritis is a term that refers to inflammation of the joints, which can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.
Choice D is wrong because loss of skin elasticity and moisture is calledskin aging, not sarcopenia.
Skin aging is a process that involves changes in the structure and function of the skin, such as wrinkles, sagging, dryness, and decreased wound healing.
Normal ranges for muscle mass and strength vary depending on age, sex, body size, and physical activity level.However, some general indicators of sarcopenia include:.
• A muscle mass index (muscle mass divided by height squared) below 7.26 kg/m2 for men and 5.45 kg/m2 for women.
• A handgrip strength below 30 kg for men and 20 kg for women.
• A gait speed below 0.8 m/s for both sexes.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Intention tremors and nystagmus.These are some of the common symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), a condition that affects the central nervous system and causes communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.Intention tremors are involuntary shaking movements that occur when a person tries to perform a precise action, such as reaching for an object or writing.Nystagmus is a condition where the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced vision and depth perception.
Choice A is wrong because muscle atrophy and fasciculations are more typical of motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affect the nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movements.
Choice C is wrong because flaccid paralysis and areflexia are signs of lower motor neuron lesions, which can be caused by spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve disorders, or Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Choice D is wrong because hyperactive reflexes and spasticity are signs of upper motor neuron lesions, which can be caused by stroke, traumatic brain injury, or cerebral palsy.
Normal ranges for some of the symptoms mentioned are:.
• Intention tremors: none or minimal.
• Nystagmus: none or minimal.
• Muscle atrophy: none or minimal.
• Fasciculations: none or minimal.
• Flaccid paralysis: none or minimal.
• Areflexia: absent or reduced reflexes.
• Hyperactive reflexes: normal or slightly increased reflexes.
• Spasticity: normal or slightly increased muscle tone.
A. Muscle atrophy and fasciculations B.
Intention tremors and nystagmus C.
Flaccid paralysis and areflexia D.
Hyperactive reflexes and spasticity
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