An 85-year-old patient who has fallen at home and was unable to get up is admitted to your nursing unit. The patient said she fell 36 hours ago and has been unable to eat or drink. You observe that the patient has voided scant amounts since admission. In planning care for this patient, what condition do you consider related to the diminished renal output?

Renal calculi

Hypovolemia

inactivity

Nephrotoxic drugs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   While renal calculi (kidney stones) can cause renal issues, they are not directly related to diminished renal output in this scenario. Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is more pertinent to the patient's presentation of scant voiding and inability to eat or drink.
B.   Diminished renal output, as evidenced by scant voiding, can be indicative of hypovolemia. Hypovolemia reduces kidney perfusion, leading to decreased urine output as the kidneys conserve fluid.
C.   While inactivity can contribute to various health issues, it's not directly related to diminished renal output in this case. The primary concern is addressing the immediate physiological impact of decreased renal function.

D.   While nephrotoxic drugs can impair renal function, there's no indication in the scenario that the patient has been exposed to such drugs. Thus, they are not directly relevant to the current situation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Nylon underwear can trap moisture and promote bacterial growth, increasing the risk of UTIs. Cotton underwear is recommended for better ventilation.
B. Delaying voiding can increase the risk of UTIs by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Voiding regularly and completely is important for flushing out bacteria.
C. Cranberry juice contains compounds that may help prevent UTIs by preventing bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract lining.
D. Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and increase the risk of UTIs and other infections.

A. Urine specific gravity 1.020 B. Amber yellow urine color C. Absence of glucose in the urine D. Microscopic hematuria

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A specific gravity within the normal range indicates adequate urine concentration and hydration status, which is not typically concerning.
B. This color is indicative of normal urine concentration and hydration status and is not necessarily indicative of urinary tract pathology.
C. Absence of glucose in the urine is a normal finding and does not typically warrant further investigation.
D. Microscopic hematuria (blood in the urine not visible to the naked eye) may indicate underlying urinary tract pathology, such as infection, inflammation, or kidney stones, and should be reported to the provider for further evaluation and management.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a female client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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