An adolescent boy is admitted with the following symptoms: Slow onset of recurrent low-grade fever, fatigue, weakness, joint and muscle aches, loss of appetite, weight loss and diaphoresis.
On assessment the nurse auscultates a new heart murmur, splenomegaly, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages under the nails and Osler nodes (red, painful non-hemorrhagic nodules on the pads of fingers and toes.
Which of the following Acquired Heart Diseases does this best represent?
Infective endocarditis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Acute rheumatic fever
Pulmonary hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
A. The symptoms described, including slow onset of recurrent low-grade fever, fatigue, weakness, joint and muscle aches, loss of appetite, weight loss, and diaphoresis, along with the presence of a new heart murmur, splenomegaly, petechiae, splinter hemorrhages under the nails, and Osler nodes, are classic signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis (IE).
B. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific abnormalities in the heart's structure. The symptoms described do not align with the characteristic features of Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. Acute rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that can develop as a complication of untreated streptococcal infections, particularly strep throat. While it can lead to heart valve damage (rheumatic heart disease), the symptoms described are more indicative of infective endocarditis rather than acute rheumatic fever.
D. Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. While it can present with symptoms such as fatigue and weakness, it typically does not manifest with the constellation of symptoms described, including fever, joint and muscle aches, and the presence of Osler nodes and splinter hemorrhages.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Excessive milk consumption can lead to iron deficiency anemia in toddlers due to its low iron content and its interference with the absorption of iron from other foods.
B. Excessive milk consumption alone is not a direct risk factor for diabetes mellitus in toddlers. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance.
D. Excessive milk consumption can contribute to excess calorie intake, but it does not necessarily lead to obesity in all cases. Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by various factors such as diet, physical activity, genetics, and environmental factors.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. This statement emphasizes to the child that they are not responsible for the abuse they have experienced, helping to alleviate feelings of guilt or self-blame. This can provide validation and comfort to the child during a traumatic experience.
A. Involving the family in the discussion might not be appropriate if the family member is the perpetrator. The safety and well-being of the child should be the priority
B. This statement may make the child feel more isolated and conflicted about their feelings toward their family. It's important to acknowledge the abuse without placing blame or judgment on the family.
D. This statement undermines the nurse's duty to report suspected cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities. Confidentiality cannot be guaranteed in cases of suspected abuse, as healthcare professionals are mandated reporters obligated to report any suspicions or evidence of abuse to protect the child's safety and well-being.
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