An adolescent tells the school nurse that she is pregnant. Her last menstrual period was 4 months ago, and she has not yet received any medical care. She smokes but denies any other substance use. Which interventions should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)

A. Encourage smoking cessation:
Smoking during pregnancy can have serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus, such as increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues. Encouraging smoking cessation is crucial for improving both maternal and fetal health.

B. Arrange for childcare:
While childcare is an important consideration, it is not an immediate priority at this stage. The focus should be on ensuring the adolescent receives proper prenatal care and support for her health and the health of the baby.

C. Offer nutritional instruction:
Good nutrition is vital for a healthy pregnancy. Offering nutritional instruction helps the adolescent understand how to meet her dietary needs and those of her developing baby, contributing to better pregnancy outcomes.

D. Refer for prenatal care:
Prenatal care is essential for monitoring the health of both the mother and the fetus, providing necessary medical interventions, and offering support. Referring the adolescent for prenatal care is critical for addressing her medical needs throughout her pregnancy.

E. Teach breastfeeding methods:
While teaching breastfeeding methods is important, it is not the most immediate concern. This can be addressed later in the pregnancy or closer to delivery when the adolescent is more prepared to consider breastfeeding.

F.Notify her parents:
Unless the adolescent gives explicit consent or there are concerns for her safety or the safety of the baby, the nurse should maintain confidentiality. In many cases, the decision to notify parents is complex and requires careful consideration of the adolescent's autonomy and legal rights.

A) Ask each older adult to bring a food for others to taste, then estimate the fat contained in these foods:
While involving participants by having them bring foods can encourage engagement, estimating fat content without precise measurements or nutritional information may lead to inaccuracies. This method does not provide the structured and clear information needed for effective education about fat content.

B) Show a movie about cooking with foods that are low in fat but delicious:
Showing a movie can be an engaging way to present information, but it may not offer detailed, interactive learning about the specific fat content of foods. A movie provides general information but lacks the direct discussion and analysis of nutritional data that participants might need.

C) Determine foods most often eaten by this group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product:
This method is effective as it addresses the specific foods commonly consumed by the older adults in the group. Discussing the nutritional panels of these foods allows for a focused examination of fat content and other nutritional information relevant to their diets. This approach provides practical, personalized education and helps participants make informed dietary choices.

D) Display posters with foods and tell the seniors about the fat content:
Displaying posters with information about fat content is useful for visual learning but may not be as interactive or engaging as discussing specific foods that participants are familiar with. This method provides general information but lacks the personalized touch of discussing commonly eaten foods and their nutritional panels.