A client who recently returned from international travel presents to the clinic with high fever, chills, headache, and muscular aches. The healthcare provider suspects severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). To prevent transmission of the virus to others, which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide?

Wear a N95 respirator mask during direct contact with others.

Cover mouth and turn head when coughing

Use meticulous hand washing technique.

Discard all tissues used during coughing in a biohazard bag.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Wear a N95 respirator mask during direct contact with others:
SARS is a viral respiratory illness that spreads via respiratory droplets, and an N95 respirator mask is specifically designed to filter out airborne particles, including those that could carry the SARS virus. Wearing an N95 respirator is critical for preventing the transmission of SARS to others, especially in healthcare settings or close contact situations.

B. Cover mouth and turn head when coughing:
Covering the mouth and turning the head helps reduce the spread of droplets, but it is not sufficient to prevent transmission of airborne viruses like SARS. For effective prevention, especially in a healthcare setting, more stringent measures like using N95 respirators are required.

C. Use meticulous hand washing technique:
Hand washing is crucial for preventing the spread of many infections, but it does not directly address the airborne transmission of viruses like SARS. While it complements other infection control measures, it is not the primary method for preventing SARS transmission.

D. Discard all tissues used during coughing in a biohazard bag:
Proper disposal of tissues is important for infection control, but it alone does not prevent the airborne spread of SARS. This measure is part of broader infection control practices but is less effective in preventing transmission compared to the use of N95 respirators.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Rescreen the entire prison population in 6 weeks:
While rescreening may be necessary at some point, it is not the immediate priority. The focus should be on diagnosing and managing the individuals who have already tested positive.

B. Start the two inmates on antitubercular medications:
Starting antitubercular medications is important, but it should only be done after confirming that the individuals have active TB. The positive skin test indicates exposure but does not confirm active TB disease.

C. Refer the two inmates for chest x-rays:
A chest x-ray is crucial to determine whether the positive skin test indicates active TB disease or latent TB infection. This step is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. It helps distinguish between active TB, which requires treatment, and latent TB, which may require different management strategies.

D. Screen the prison guards for TB:
While screening the prison guards could be a part of a broader infection control plan, it is not the most immediate priority. The focus should be on further evaluating and managing the inmates who have tested positive.

A. Review current epidemiological population data that might document a low immunization rate. B. Call a meeting of citizens to inform them of the importance of having their children immunized. C. Join a political action group that focuses attention on the issue in the local news media. D. Partner with a local children's hospital in setting up free "shot" clinics in the neighborhood.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Review current epidemiological population data that might document a low immunization rate:
The first step in addressing low immunization rates is to gather and review current epidemiological data to confirm the extent of the problem. This data will provide a clear picture of the immunization rates in the area and help identify the specific gaps that need to be addressed. Accurate data is essential for designing targeted interventions and measuring their effectiveness.

B) Call a meeting of citizens to inform them of the importance of having their children immunized:
Informing the community about the importance of immunizations is a crucial step, but it should follow an assessment of the current immunization rates. Without data, it is difficult to know the exact need or how to effectively tailor the education to the community’s specific situation.

C) Join a political action group that focuses attention on the issue in the local news media:
While raising awareness through media and political action can be effective, it is more important to first understand the specific problem through data. The approach to media and political action can be informed and refined based on the findings from the epidemiological data review.

D) Partner with a local children's hospital in setting up free "shot" clinics in the neighborhood:
Setting up free clinics can be a valuable intervention, but before implementing such a program, it is essential to understand the scope of the problem through data review. This ensures that resources are allocated effectively and that the clinics are set up in the areas with the greatest need.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Tuberculosis (TB) screening at a federal prison reveals that two inmates have a positive skin test. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The community health nurse believes that immunization rates in a lower-socioeconomic section of the city are probably below the target set by the state health department. Which action should the nurse take first to intervene with this health problem?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which annual screening should the nurse include when planning an eye health program at a preschool?

A 66-year-old client is retiring and will no longer have health insurance through a place of employment. Which agency should the client be referred to by the employee health nurse for health insurance needs?

The city health department director asks the community health nurse to make a presentation describing the greatest health concern facing the city. How should the nurse begin to collect the data needed for this presentation?

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The nurse is planning a health fair for high school students. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to obtain?

A newly hired school nurse conducts a "windshield" survey of the geographic area served by the school, Which method is best for the nurse to use to objectively validate the findings obtained?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which diseases are reportable infectious diseases? Select all that apply.