Which factors in the patient care environment should be routinely assessed to decrease the risk of falls? (Select all that apply.)

Grab bars in place

Appropriate footwear

Outdoor grounds

All four bed rails raised

None of the above

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B

Choice A reason: Grab bars in place are important for preventing falls, as they provide support and stability for the patient when moving around the room, especially in the bathroom. Grab bars can help the patient maintain their balance and avoid slipping or tripping.

Choice B reason: Appropriate footwear is important for preventing falls, as it can reduce the risk of slipping, sliding, or stumbling. Appropriate footwear should fit well, have non-skid soles, and be comfortable and easy to put on and take off.

Choice C reason: Outdoor grounds are not a factor in the patient care environment that should be routinely assessed to decrease the risk of falls, as they are not part of the indoor setting where most falls occur. However, outdoor grounds may pose a fall hazard for patients who go outside for recreation or therapy, and should be checked for uneven surfaces, obstacles, or slippery conditions.

Choice D reason: All four bed rails raised are not a factor in the patient care environment that should be routinely assessed to decrease the risk of falls, as they may actually increase the risk of falls and injuries. Bed rails may create a false sense of security, encourage the patient to climb over them, or entrap the patient between the rails and the mattress. Bed rails should be used only when indicated and with the patient's consent.

Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there are two factors in the patient care environment that should be routinely assessed to decrease the risk of falls.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Overflow incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder becomes overfilled and cannot empty completely. This causes urine to leak out of the bladder, even when the person does not feel the urge to urinate. A large residual urine volume is a common sign of overflow incontinence, as it indicates that the bladder is not emptying properly.

Choice B reason: Urge incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder contracts involuntarily and causes a sudden and strong urge to urinate. This can result in urine leakage before the person can reach the toilet. A large residual urine volume is not a typical feature of urge incontinence, as the bladder tends to empty frequently and urgently.

Choice C reason: Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the pelvic floor muscles that support the bladder are weakened or damaged. This causes urine to leak out of the bladder when the person coughs, sneezes, laughs, or exerts pressure on the abdomen. A large residual urine volume is not a common symptom of stress incontinence, as the bladder does not overfill or contract involuntarily.

Choice D reason: Functional incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the person has normal bladder function but cannot reach the toilet in time due to physical or mental impairments. This can be caused by mobility problems, cognitive decline, dementia, or environmental barriers. A large residual urine volume is not a characteristic of functional incontinence, as the bladder can empty normally when the person has access to the toilet.

A. Type 2 diabetes is the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. B. The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age. C. Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 125 mg/dL. D. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is false, as type 2 diabetes is not the result of the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin, but rather the result of the reduced sensitivity of the cells to insulin, which leads to high blood sugar levels. The pancreas may still produce some insulin, but not enough to meet the body's needs.

Choice B reason: This statement is false, as the incidence of diabetes mellitus does increase with age, due to various factors, such as decreased physical activity, increased weight, reduced muscle mass, or impaired insulin secretion or action.

Choice C reason: This statement is true, as diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 125 mg/dL, according to the American Diabetes Association. Fasting plasma glucose is the blood sugar level measured after at least eight hours of fasting.

Choice D reason: This statement is false, as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, as it requires insulin injections or pumps to control the blood sugar levels.

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Which factors in the patient care environment should be routinely assessed to decrease the risk of falls? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A large residual urine volume characterizes what type of incontinence?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following statements is true about diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Your second older adult female client has been experiencing some problems with urinary incontinence. You suggest that she document which of the following in a “bladder/voiding diary”? (Select all that apply.)

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